Overview of Cellular Respiration

Crude Oil must be refined into a usable form, such as gasoline. The same is true for the energy sources in our cells.

Copyright Cmassengale What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds Copyright Cmassengale

Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU with ENERGY! Copyright Cmassengale

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP Copyright Cmassengale

What is the Process Called? HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O) H2O Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale How Does That Happen? An Enzyme! ATPase Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale How is ATP Re-Made? The reverse of the previous process occurs. Another Enzyme is used! ATP Synthetase Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale The ADP-ATP Cycle ATP Synthetase ATP-ase Copyright Cmassengale

When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals Copyright Cmassengale

Cellular Respiration Converts energy stored in macromolecules (glucose) into a usable form of energy (ATP) Enzyme-driven process Oxygen required for part of the process

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 YIELDS 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36-38ATP’s Copyright Cmassengale

Mitochondria Cell structure involved with cellular respiration. “Powerhouse” of the cell

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis – converts light energy to chemical energy (sugar) Cellular Respiration – converts chemical energy (sugar) to usable energy (ATP) Can an organism do photosynthesis without cellular respiration?

Copyright Cmassengale Cellular Respiration Overall Cellular respiration is an “aerobic” process Copyright Cmassengale

Where does the oxygen come from? O2 from the air is collected in the lungs and transferred to the blood. The circulatory system delivers this blood to every cell in your body. Blood also carries away byproducts of cellular respiration Ex. CO2

What happens when the oxygen is used up? Oxygen supplies can be used up quickly through… Bursts of intense energy usage. Ex. Sprinting Extended exercise with little rest Limited blood flow Do muscles stop working when the oxygen is used up?

Anaerobic Energy Conversion Energy production that does not require oxygen Lactic Acid Fermentation Enzyme-catalyzed reactions Occurs in cytoplasm of cells (no mitochondria) Produces only 2 ATP Produces Lactic Acid Done by animals and some bacteria

Muscle Fatigue Build up of lactic acid in muscles results in the feeling of fatigue Blood flow removes lactic acid from muscle cells (goes to the liver) Efficient circulatory systems remove lactic acid faster This is one reason for conditioning before competitions

Ethanol Fermentation Anaerobic energy conversion in Yeast Enzyme-catalyzed reactions Occurs in cytoplasm of cells Produces only 2 ATP Produces Ethanol and CO2

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