Do now activity What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem? What is the difference between a carnivore and an omnivore? What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? If there is 100% energy at the first trophic level, how much energy will the fifth trophic level receive?

Section 8-4: carbon cycle Essential Question: How is carbon cycled throughout an ecosystem? Learning Target Create a flow map that demonstrates the movement of carbon through an ecosystem. Section 8-4: carbon cycle

announcements Biology Tutoring this week: Lunch B (Tuesday & Thursday) 7:00AM (Monday – Friday) After school Biology Tutoring: Tuesday Section 7 Quiz Retakes are available until Friday. Pre-lab due Thursday!

announcements Available Extra Credit: Tissue Box = 2 Points Starburst Original Jellybeans = 1 Class Pass Stauffer’s Original Animal Crackers = 2 Class Passes

1) These notes will be taken on a. white sheet of paper 1) These notes will be taken on a white sheet of paper! 2) No chunking is needed. 3) You still need 3 questions.

Biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it! Cycles of matter cyclins Biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it!

Matter passes from one organism to another. Cycles of matter cyclins Matter passes from one organism to another.

Cycles of matter Four main biogeochemical cycles: The water (H2O) cycle The carbon (C) cycle The nitrogen (N) cycle The Phosphorus (P) cycle cyclins

The water cycle

The water cycle Evaporation – H2O changes from liquid to a gas Transpiration – H2O that is released from plants (stomata)

Condensation: H2O vapor turns into a liquid The water cycle Condensation: H2O vapor turns into a liquid

Precipitation – H2O changes from gas to a liquid (rain, snow) The water cycle Precipitation – H2O changes from gas to a liquid (rain, snow)

The nitrogen cycle Atmosphere is 78% N2 (gas) N2 (gas) -> bacteria in soil (nitrogen fixation) -> plants (proteins) -> food chain -> denitrification -> N2 (gas) Nitrogen fixation: when bacteria in soil changes N2 (gas) into materials found in soil Plants use the nitrogen in soil Nitrogen passes from one organism to the next through the food chain Dead organisms, urine, feces are broken down by decomposers and denitrification converts nitrogen into a gas Denitrification: when nitrates are converted into N2 (gas) by bacteria

Bacteria has to change N2 (gas) into nitrate so plants can use it The nitrogen cycle Bacteria has to change N2 (gas) into nitrate so plants can use it N2 (gas) -> bacteria in soil (nitrogen fixation) -> plants (proteins) -> food chain -> denitrification -> N2 (gas) Nitrogen fixation: when bacteria in soil changes N2 (gas) into materials found in soil Plants use the nitrogen in soil Nitrogen passes from one organism to the next through the food chain Dead organisms, urine, feces are broken down by decomposers and denitrification converts nitrogen into a gas Denitrification: when nitrates are converted into N2 (gas) by bacteria

The nitrogen cycle When dead organisms, urine, & feces are broken down by decomposers it causes denitrification N2 (gas) -> bacteria in soil (nitrogen fixation) -> plants (proteins) -> food chain -> denitrification -> N2 (gas) Nitrogen fixation: when bacteria in soil changes N2 (gas) into materials found in soil Plants use the nitrogen in soil Nitrogen passes from one organism to the next through the food chain Dead organisms, urine, feces are broken down by decomposers and denitrification converts nitrogen into a gas Denitrification: when nitrates are converted into N2 (gas) by bacteria

Phosphorus is necessary for organisms (ATP/DNA/RNA) The phosphorus cycle Phosphorus is necessary for organisms (ATP/DNA/RNA) Phosphorus is necessary for organisms DNA & RNA ATP Stored mostly in rocks, soil and ocean sediment. Not in the atmosphere Plants absorb phosphorus from soil Phosphorus then moves through the food web Dead plants and animals decompose, the phosphorus goes back into the soil.

Stored mostly in rocks, soil and ocean sediment. The phosphorus cycle Stored mostly in rocks, soil and ocean sediment. Phosphorus is necessary for organisms DNA & RNA ATP Stored mostly in rocks, soil and ocean sediment. Not in the atmosphere Plants absorb phosphorus from soil Phosphorus then moves through the food web Dead plants and animals decompose, the phosphorus goes back into the soil.

The carbon cycle

Carbon Dioxide Production: The carbon cycle Carbon Dioxide Production: Cellular respiration Decomposers Human influence (fossil fuels)

The carbon cycle Carbon Dioxide Usage: Photosynthesis!

The carbon cycle

For more information, these cycles can be found in your book: The nutrient cycles For more information, these cycles can be found in your book: Water (H2O): Page 75 Carbon (C): Page 77 Nitrogen (N): Page 78 Phosphorous (P): Page: 79