Reconstruction Putting the Nation Back Together “…the whole fabric of southern society must be changed.” -Thaddeus Stevens Radical Republican

Rival Plans for Reconstruction Ten Percent Plan- 10% of voters must swear loyalty to the Union and Slavery must be abolished (Lincoln 1863) Wade-Davis Bill-majority of white men must swear loyalty and former Confederate volunteers cannot vote or hold office (Republicans in Congress 1864)

Rival Plans for Reconstruction Reconstruction Act-disband state governments, write new constitutions, ratify the 14th amendment, and African American men must have the right to vote (Radical Republicans 1867) Johnson Plan- majority of white men must swear loyalty, former Confederate volunteers may vote or hold office, and the 13th Amendment must be ratified (Andrew Johnson 1865)

Freedmen’s Bureau Before the end of the war, Lincoln created the Freedmen’s Bureau. Former slaves were given financial support and free education.

The 13th Amendment Andrew Johnson became the president after Lincoln’s death. He insisted that the states ratify the 13th Amendment, making slavery illegal in the United States.

Keeping the “Old” South Pres. Johnson was from the South and pardoned many white southerners after the war. The KKK and many Southern politicians enforced “Black Codes” to limit the rights of Freedmen.

14th Amendment This amendment to the Constitution made former slaves born in the U.S. official citizens. Pres. Johnson and Southerners opposed this amendment.

Johnson is Impeached Chief Justice Johnson fought against Congress’ reform efforts and seemed to heavily sympathize and favor ex-Confederates. When he violated the newly passed Tenure of Office Act by firing his secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, the House voted quickly to impeach him. He was the first president impeached, but was acquitted by one vote in the Senate. Chief Justice

Free in the South Sharecroppers farmed land with others to cut costs, but many freemen were treated unfairly Many freemen traveled North, but many went to where they were born to find family.

A Chance for Hope In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant became president. He fought to stop the KKK. The 15th Amendment gave all Black adult males the right to vote.

Reconstruction Ends 1877 The presidential election officially ended Reconstruction. In order to come to an agreement the army would be removed from the South and Rutherford B. Hayes would be president.