The periodic table… Divided into 3 basic sections Metals Shiny, ductile, malleable (can be bent easily), and good conductors of electricity Metalloids Nonmetals Found as gas or dull, brittle solids with low melting points Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halogen Family Noble Gases Hydrogen

Alkali Metals Group 1 (Red) MOST reactive Found only in compounds and not as single elements Soft and shiny Good conductors of electricity

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 (Orange) Not as reactive as Group 1 Fairly hard metal Gray-white color Good conductors of electricity

Transition Metals Groups 3-12 (Yellow) Acts as a bridge between the more reactive metals (on left) and less reactive metals (on right) Good conductors of electricity

Metalloids Found along zig-zag line (Green) Have properties of both metals and non- metals B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At Great conductors of electricity

Ionic Bonds between metals… So far we have only talked about ionic bonds between a metal and nonmetal Another ionic bond can be between two metals as well…this bonds creates alloys Just like the saying “two heads are better than one”, so are alloys Alloys are stronger than any single metal by itself Common alloys: Brass = Cu + Zn Bronze = Cu + Sn Sterling silver = Ag + Cu

Halogens Group 17 (Blue) Highly reactive Poor conductors Fluorine is the most reactive halogen because it has the highest electronegativity

Noble Gases Group 18 (Indigo) Stable and do not bond Semi-conductors

Lanthanides and Actinides Periods 6 and 7 (Violet) Rare earth metals Lanthanides Highly conductive Soft, shiny, malleable Actinides Exist in small amounts except for thorium and uranium

Conduction vs Insulation Conduction occurs when electrons move freely through a material. Metals are good conductors of electricity. Example: Cu, Al, Ag, Au Insulation occurs when electrons can not move freely through a material. Most of the solid, non-metal elements are good insulators. Example: C, S, P, I

When chemical reactions occur… New material is created that cannot be changed back to its original state. (un-frying an egg…good luck with that!) Other ways or evidence to know if a chemical change occurs: Gas is produced Temperature changes occur Color changes occur Odors are produced

Can the rate of chemical reactions be affected? Yep! Catalysts are substances that speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions. Two types: Positive catalyst (speed up) Negative catalyst (slow down) Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. Enzymes affect chemical reactions faster that positive catalysts.

Endothermic vs exothermic Endothermic reactions absorb heat. These reactions feel cold to the touch. Exothermic reactions release heat. These reactions feel hot to the touch.