CIRCULATION

Basic Functions of the Circulatory System Transports oxygen from the lungs to body to be used 1 Transports carbon dioxide to the lungs to be removed 2 Transports nutrients from the small intestine to tissues 3 Fights infections 4

Transports water from the digestive system to the body and lungs 5 Carries waste products (ie: urea) to kidneys for removal in urine 6 Distributes body heat from internal source to skin (to get rid of it) 7 Seals wounds by forming blood clots 8

Amazing Heart Facts Put your hand on your heart. Where is it? Hold out your hand and make a fist. size of heart: child = 1 fist; adult = 2 fists! Your heart beats about 100,000 times in one day and about 35 million times in a year. During an average lifetime, the human heart will beat more than 2.5 billion times. Sure, you know how to steal hearts, win hearts, and break hearts. But how much do you really know about your heart and how it works? Even at rest, the muscles of the heart work twice as hard as the leg muscles of a person sprinting

approximately 10 seconds In one day, the blood travels a total of 19,000 km. That's 4 times the distance across CANADA from coast to coast. When you are resting, it takes 35-40 seconds for the blood to move through your body. What about when you are exercising? approximately 10 seconds How much does your heart weigh? only 2/3 of a pound! Give a tennis ball a good, hard squeeze. You're using about the same amount of force your heart uses to pump blood out to the body

ANATOMY OF THE HEART

Where is it?

The Parts You Need To Know!

exterior view Aortic Arch Superior vena cava Pulmonary Trunk Coronary artery Right Atrium Coronary Vein Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava

H U H ?

The human heart has 4 well developed chambers Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle The right side of the heart feeds the pulmonary circuit, and the left side feeds the systemic circuit. Left Ventricle

The right side of the heart pumps deO2 blood to the lungs The left side of the heart pumps O2 blood to the body

the receiving chambers ATRIA the receiving chambers Left Atrium Right Atrium Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior & inferior vena cava. Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins

VENTRICLES the sending chambers Right Ventricle When the right atrium contracts, it pushes the blood through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. When the RIGHT VENTRICLE contracts, BP forces the TRICUSPID valve to close. The BP forces PULMONARY VALVE open & the blood moves into the PULMONARY TRUNK. Right Ventricle

AT THE LUNGS The PULMONARY ARTERIES take the deO2 blood to the lungs. The CO2 is removed from the blood and is replaced with O2. AT THE LUNGS The PULMONARY VEINS take the O2 blood to the heart.

What carries the Oxygen? The protein HEMOGLOBIN binds the oxygen tightly and carries it to the body cells

SEPTUM separates the 2 sides A muscular wall that separates the right side of the heart from the left side. Keeps the deO2 blood from mixing with the O2 blood

It is now possible to close a hole in the septum without surgery. This is done using a new device called the Cardioseal ™ septal repair device. The surgery takes approximately 4-5 hours to complete.

When the left atrium contracts, it pushes the blood through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. When the LEFT VENTRICLE contracts, the BICUSPID VALVE is forced closed. Blood is forced through the AORTIC VALVE and enters the AORTA. Left Ventricle The left ventricle has a THICKER muscle layer. WHY?

VENA CAVA Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava These are the BIGGEST VEINS! They bring the deO2 blood back to the heart so that it can be pumped to the lungs. Inferior Vena Cava

Coordination of the Beating • Heart cells naturally beat slowly if ATP is present • If there was no coordination, the heart cells would all beat randomly

• Atria beat from top down, then pause, and the ventricles beat from bottom up. WHY?

This all happens at once!

Problems Of The Heart

Hardening of the arteries atherosclerosis

Cholesterol in the blood can become deposited on the inside walls of the arteries. This seems to happen faster in people who:   •Smoke •Have high blood pressure •Eat high fat, high cholesterol foods, or, for other reasons, have high cholesterol •Are overweight •Have a lot of tension and stress •Do not exercise regularly •Have diabetes and/or family members with a history of atherosclerosis

burst coronary artery

heart attack !

If it gets too bad to repair... Heart Transplant

If there isn't one available...                             Abiocor Heart The AbioCor Heart is made from titanium metal and a special type of plastic. A rechargeable internal battery allows the patient to be completely free of the external power transmission unit for some period of time. Normally an external power pack transmits power across the skin.

And That's It Folks!