Transmission and Reflection
Reflection off a Fixed End When the wave reflects off a fixed end, it is inverted. A crest becomes a trough and a trough becomes a crest.
Reflection off an Open End When the wave reflects off an open end, it is not inverted. A crest stays a crest and a trough stays a trough.
Transmission from a Slow to a Fast Medium The transmitted pulse is not inverted. The reflected pulse is not inverted.
Transmission from a Fast Medium to a Slow Medium The transmitted pulse is not inverted. The reflected pulse is inverted.