The Revolutionary Period America at War The Revolutionary Period

Colonial Economics Mercantilism: Increase a nation's power through wealth (export more than import) Colonies contribute to mercantilism by providing raw materials to MC buying manufactured goods from MC (serve as markets) buying/selling only to MC Colonies exist for the benefit of the MC

More Economics American colonies were supposed to benefit England by selling all their raw materials (sugar, tobacco, cotton, timber, and furs) only to England buying all their manufactured goods (furniture, clothing) from England

Navigation acts and Salutary Neglect England passed the Navigation Acts, which were laws passed to restrict the use of foreign trade in the colonies… It means the colonies can only trade with England BUT England didn’t enforce the Navigation Acts – "salutary neglect" - beneficial neglect. Why? it costs too much to enforce the laws England is busy with other things (civil war)

Growing Tensions…. Revival of strong religious roots Colonial Politics = Growing Tensions Great Awakening Revival of strong religious roots Each person could have an individual relationship with God Challenged the authority of the Anglican Church as well as the power of the King (head of the church) If people can worship God on their own, can they govern themselves also?

Setting the Scene The rivalry in North America between England and France led to the French and Indian War, in which the French were driven out of Canada and their territories west of the Appalachian Mountains. (1754-1763) As a result of the war, England took several actions that angered the American colonies and led to the American Revolution.

Anglo-Franco Rivalry The “French and Indian War”, the colonial part of the “Seven Years War” that ravaged Europe from 1754 to 1763, was the bloodiest American war in the 1700’s. It took more lives than the American Revolution, involved people on three continents, including the Caribbean.

The French And Indian War

A Backwoods Land Grab

French and English Collide Starts at the Battle of Ft. Necessity First “battle” for a young George Washington Takes place in the backwoods of Southwest Pennsylvania Sparked the larger European conflict knows as the Seven Years War

Albany Plan of Union English officials suggested a “union between ye Royal, Proprietary and Charter Governments." Some colonial leaders agreed (June 1754) delegates from most of the northern colonies and representatives from the Six Iroquois Nations met in Albany, New York. They decided on a "plan of union" drafted by Benjamin Franklin.

Under this plan each colonial legislature would elect delegates to an American continental assembly presided over by a royal governor. Franklin anticipated many of the problems that would beset the government created after independence, such as finance, dealing with the Indian tribes, control of trade, and defense. British officials realized that, if adopted, the plan could create a very powerful government that His Majesty's Government might not be able to control. The plan was rejected by the Crown and by the legislatures in several of the colonies.

British Military Advances in the Colonies of America British Expeditions into the Ohio Country result in French retreating Braddock’s Expedition 1755 Forbes’ Expedition 1758 Fort Duquesne is destroyed by the retreating French forces in 1758 Fort Pitt built in it’s place by the British forces Modern Pittsburgh built around this fort

French and Indian War Ends Treaty of Paris of 1763 Vast concessions by France All of New France (Canada) to England Louisiana to Spain Effects Britain Naval supremacy Control of North America Colonies New relationship with the British

Anglo-French Rivalry Treaty of Paris 1763

Proclamation of 1763 The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, a region that was costly for the British to protect.