Mitosis review Mitosis – the process by which a cell grows and divides Mitosis is how your body grows and heals itself

Chromosomes

Chromosomes

Chromosomes Chromosome – in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; a prokaryotic cell, has a single circular molecule of DNA

Stages of Mitosis Prophase – Chromosomes begin to condense. The nuclear membrane dissolves. The centrosomes move to opposite poles, and the spindle forms

Stages of Mitosis Metaphase – The condensed chromosomes line up along the equator. Spindle fibers link the chromatids of each chromosome to opposite poles.

Stages of Mitosis Anaphase – As the spindle fibers shorten, the chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell

Stages of Mitosis Telophase – a new nuclear envelope forms at each pole. The spindle dissolves, and the chromosomes uncoil. Cytokinesis begins

End of Mitosis Cytokinesis – the cell membrane grows into the center of the cell and divides it into two daughter cells of equal size. Each daughter cell has half of the parent's cytoplasm and organelles

Mitosis – Body cell Meiosis – Sex cell

Meiosis Meiosis is the creation of sex cells used in sexual reproduction In sexual reproduction, two parents give genetic material to produce offspring that are genetically different from their parents Meiosis has all the steps Mitosis and then splits again

Meiosis Haploid – describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes Diploid – a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes Homologous chromosomes – chromosomes that are similar in size, in shape, and in kind of genes that they contain

Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis Mitosis makes new cells that are used during growth, development, repair, and asexual reproduction Meiosis makes germ cells that enable an organism to reproduce sexually and happens only in reproductive structures

Mitosis Meiosis Same Different Different - Both start with diploid cells (2n) containing 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes Different Different

- Metaphase the chromosomes line up single file Mitosis Meiosis Same - Both start with diploid cells (2n) containing 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes Different - Metaphase the chromosomes line up single file Different - Metaphase 1 the homologous pairs line up

Mitosis Meiosis Same Different Different - Both start with diploid cells (2n) containing 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes Different - Metaphase the chromosomes line up single file - Anaphase the sister chromatids separate Different - Metaphase 1 the homologous pairs line up - Anaphase 1 the pairs are separated

Mitosis Meiosis Same Different Different - Both start with diploid cells (2n) containing 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes Different - Metaphase the chromosomes line up single file - Anaphase the sister chromatids separate - Final cells are diploid (2n) Different - Metaphase 1 the homologous pairs line up - Anaphase 1 the pairs are separated - Final cells are haploid (1n)

Human chromosomes Humans have 46 chromosomes in regular cells. These are made of 23 pairs of chromosomes. How many of your chromosomes are from your father ? How many of your chromosomes are from your mother ?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKWxeMMFTEU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5OvgQW6FG4