BIOLOGY Photosynthesis

A) ATP – The energy molecule ATP – adenosine triphosphate Function ATP is used as the molecular energy currency, the energy molecule for all cells ATP is a special type of nucleic acid, and is based off the nucleotide Adenine, thus the molecule is a nucleotide ATP is an organic molecule used to store chemical energy, stored in the bonded phosphates (just like a AA batery) Produced during Cell Respiration Structure A P P P Ribose

ATP  ADP Cycle ATP is formed by an enzyme called ATP Synthase Energy is released from this molecule by breaking the bond between the last two phosphates, by a process called hydrolysis using ATPase

B) Plant Structures Vascular Tissue Xylem- moves water and nutrient up the body of the plant Phloem - moves water and sugar down to the roots of the plant xylem up, phloem down Lets draw a diagram of a tree, on the board

Structure of a Leaf (Cross-Section) Lets draw a diagram of a leaf, on the board

Cuticle- waxy coating that helps prevent water loss from leaf Epidermis-skin of the leaf Palisade Mesophyll- sight of photosynthesis inside the plant, hold chloroplasts Spongy Mesophyll- predominant water storage in leaf

Stoma ( Stomate or Stomata) - little mouth like structure on the bottom of a leaf that allows for the gas exchange in the leaf -formed by two guard cells - Water loss from a leaf is called transpiration

C) Photosynthesis Process that takes inorganic compounds and converts them to organic sugars using the sun’s energy [-----------------Reactants------] [------Products----------------] Two Reactions that make up photosynthesis Light Dependent Reaction- Stored the energy from the sun in the form of ATP ( AA Batter) and NADPH ( C Battery) -occurs in the thylakoid membrane Dark Independent Reaction ( Calvin Cycle) –Uses the batteries charged in the light reaction to turn CO2 into glucose and releases oxygen - occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj_WKgnL6MI http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.photosynth/

Factors affecting photosynthesis Temperature – warmer the air the faster photosynthesis happens Light Intensity – when light angles get to low, the green pigment cannot absorb enough energy, chlorophyll disappears and leaves change color Water supply- if conditions are dry, photosynthesis stops Carbon Dioxide Concentration- can limit supply of carbon dioxide Humidity- can prevent movement of water in plant