Genetics - Meiosis

Parent to offspring

Mom and Dad’s DNA contribution The egg surrounded by sperm.

Genome of a female human

Half (n) from father & half(n) from mother

Locus (Gene locations on chromosomes)

Asexual reproduction See the bud on the side… that is the “new” organism to be.

Sexual Reproduction

Somatic vs. Germ

Female XX Karyotype (Remember… “kary” means “nucleus”)

Male XY Karyotype

Germ cells

TWO Divisions of Meiosis

Meiosis I -First Division

Meiosis II - Second Division

Spermatogenesis Spermatogonium Mitotic division, producing large numbers of spermatogonia Sertoli cell nucleus Differentiation and onset of meiosis I Primary spermatocyte (in prophase of meiosis I) Meiosis I completed Secondary spermatocyte Meiosis II Lumen of Seminiferous tubule Early spermatids Spermatids (at two stages of differentiation) Differentiation Sperm cells Neck Head Midpiece Tail Plasma membrane Acrosome Nucleus Mitochondria

Oogenesis in the ovaries Ovary Primary germ cell in embryo Differentiation Oogonium Mitotic division Primary oocyte Completion of meiosis I and onset of meiosis II Secondary oocyte First polar body Ovulation Entry of sperm triggers completion of meiosis II Second polar body Ovum

Variation is the outcome desired

Mitosis vs. Meiosis