________________________ English class for semester 1 Lecturer: Tchello KASSE BA. Eng

Grammar Preposition Simple Sentence Types of sentences: AS, NS and IS Auxiliaries (Be, Do and Have) Personal pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns Yes/No question WH question

Preposition

a) We use “at” for times: Ex: at 5 O’clock at 11:25 at midnight at lunch Carol usually leaves work at 6 p.m. I do not like going out at night. b) We use “on” with dates and days: Ex: on March 12th on July 1 on September 25 on May My birthday in on December 29. I came in Yogyakarta on September 6th . She often comes in my office on Mondays. We have staff meeting on every Friday. c) We use “in” for longer periods of time (months/years/seasons) Ex: in April in January in 1986 in 2016 in the 18th century in the winter in summer They got married in 1994. I arrived in New York in last August. We are in the 21st century. I will go to Australia in Spring.

Ex: I will see you in the morning. Note: We also say: …in the morning…, …in the afternoon…, …in the evening… Ex: I will see you in the morning. (but I will see you on Sunday morning. d) We don’t use (at/on/in) before last and next: Ex: James will meet you next Monday. Sarah has travelled last Saturday. Exercise: P 219 Ref: Grammar in Use-Reference and Practice for Intermediate Students of English

Sentence

Exercise: P 5 Simple sentence (SP) tense: We use the SP to talk about things that happen all the time (at the moment of speaking), repeatedly or in general. Ex: Alex is a bus driver. The earth goes around the sun. I go to school at 7 a.m She works in a bank. Note: We put a final “-s” to the 3rd person singular. Ex: He lives in Samirono. Peter goes to London. Also we put an “-es” at endings with: “-x, -o, -sh, -ch, -ss,” Ex: Fixes; Does; Washes; Marches; Misses etc… With verbs ending in “-y”, just transform “-y” by “-ies”. Ex: The baby cries to much. Maria tries to write in English. But “buy” is “buys”: The student buys a book. Exercise: P 5 Ref: Grammar in Use-Reference and Practice for Intermediate Students of English

Types of sentences

Affirmative Sentence (AS): An “AS” is used to state or declare an information in the positive way. Ex: I am an student. My lecturer teaches today. b) Negative Sentence (NS): A negative sentence is used to oppose to the affirmative one, or to deny an information. We add “not” after the auxiliary verb “to be”. Ex: I am not a student. Children are not at home. And we add “don’t/doesn’t” before main verbs. Ex: They don’t study German. I don’t know your name. She doesn’t speak English. My cat doesn’t like milk. Interrogative Sentence (IS): We use it when we want to get some information. We start by (do/does) except “to be” which starts by: “is/are”. Ex: Do you have a friend? Does Lisa go to school? Is it correct? Are we happy today? Exercise: Based to your own understanding, please make 5 sentences in the AS, and then transform them into the NS and IS.

Auxiliaries (Be, Do, Have)

See the following table 1 “To be” AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE SENTENCE INFORMATIVE SENTENCE I am… I am not… Am I…? You are… You are not… Are you…? S/He/It is S/He/It is not Is (s/he/it)…? We are… We are not… Are we…? You are…. They are… They are not… Are they…? AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE SENTENCE INFORMATIVE SENTENCE I am… I am not… Am I…? You are… You are not… Are you…? S/He/It is S/He/It is not Is (s/he/it)…? We are… We are not… Are we…? You are…. They are… They are not… Are they…?

See the following table 2 “To do” AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE SENTENCE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE I do… I don’t do… Do I do…? You do… You don’t do… Do you do…? S/He/It does… S/He/It doesn’t do… Does s/he/it do…? We do… We don’t do… Do we do…? They do… They don’t do… Do they do…?

See the following table 3 “To have” AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE SENTENCE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE I have… I don’t have… Do I have…? You have… You don’t have… Do you have…? S/He/It has… S/He/It doesn’t have… Does s/he/it have…? We have… We don’t have… Do we have…? They have… They don’t have… Do they have…?