Nature of Matter Properties of Water Chemistry Review Nature of Matter Properties of Water

Atoms, Elements and Bonds The diagram to the right is a block from the periodic table. The number 13 stands for the number of ____ in aluminum. electrons neutrons protons quarks The number 13 in the diagram is the atom’s ____. atomic mass weighted atomic mass halogen group. atomic number.

Atoms, Elements and Bonds How many valence electrons does aluminum have? 13 8 4 3 Which of the following atoms would aluminum be able to bond with to form a stable molecule? 3 chlorine atoms (Cl is atomic number 17) 1 sodium atom (Na is atomic number 11) 3 hydrogen atoms (H is atomic number 1) 2 oxygen atoms (O is atomic number 8)

Atoms, Elements and Bonds If 1 atom of aluminum (which has 3 valence electrons) bonds with 3 atoms of chlorine (each atom of which has 7 valence electrons), what type of bond is this? convalent bond ionic bond van der Waals force simple bond

Atoms, Elements and Bonds Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus are called ____. isotopes ions anions familial atoms A ___ is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. compound hydrogen bond molecule van der Waals force

Atoms, Elements and Bonds The basic unit of matter is the ___. hydrogen atom cell. atom. nucleus. Negatively subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom are called ___. ions neutrons electrons protons

Atoms, Elements and Bonds Which atom is shown here? Beryllium (Be) Carbon (C) Neon (Ne) Sodium (Na)

Atoms, Elements and Bonds In which type of chemical bond do atoms share electrons? simple bond ionic bond van der Waals force covalent bond In which type of chemical bond do atoms give away or receive electrons (and thereby become positive or negative)?

Atoms, Elements and Bonds Which type of chemical bond is seen in this diagram? covalent bond ionic bond van der Waals force carbon rings The behavior of an atom is determined by its ___. total neutrons total protons innermost protons outermost electrons ?

Atoms, Elements and Bonds Which of the following is NOT a way that radioactive isotopes are used? irradiation of canned food cancer treatment determine the age of rocks and fossils bonding with copper to form bronze Positively and negatively charged atoms are called ___. subatomic particles electrons ions compounds

Properties of Water A molecule in which there is an uneven distribution of charges between atoms is called a ___ molecule. covalent polar ionized deionized Water molecules are held together by ___ bonds. ionic carbon

Properties of Water ___ explains why water drops on a penny will bulge over the edge of the penny before spilling over. adhesion capillary action covalence cohesion Water “sticks” to the sides of a graduate, forming a curve called the ___. cohesion curve adhesion curve meniscus convexion

Properties of Water Always measure from the ___ of the meniscus. bottom top highest point middle The tendency of water to move from the roots of a plant to the stems and leaves is due to ___. adhesion but not cohesion cohesion but not adhesion capillary action the structure of the root

Properties of Water The universal solvent is ___. a highly acidic solution a highly alkaline solution ammonia water In a saltwater solution, the salt is the ___. solution solute solvent suspension

Properties of Water Blood plasma is ___. a solution an acid both acidic and basic a suspension The pH of pure water is ___. 3 14 7

Properties of Water Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution is ___. basic acidic neutral able to form covalent bonds Buffers that control pH in the body are important in ___. producing sharp changes in pH that are needed for digestion aiding respiration maintaining homeostasis maintaining pH at an average of around 8.5-9.5.

Properties of Water Which type of liquid mixture contains components that are all evenly distributed? solute solution suspension emulsion Acid rain is formed when precipitation mixes with ___ in the atmosphere and forms carbonic acid. CO2 N2 P K

Properties of Water Most of the foods we eat are ___. alkaline acidic pretty close to neutral basic Oven cleaner is extremely basic. This means that is must have a pH of ___. about 4 between 1 and 3 between 12 and 14 around 7