Why do we need laws? 6.C&G.1.4 Compare the role and evolution of laws and legal systems in various civilizations, societies and regions 6.H.1.2 Summarize.

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Why do we need laws? 6.C&G.1.4 Compare the role and evolution of laws and legal systems in various civilizations, societies and regions 6.H.1.2 Summarize the literal meaning of historical documents in order to establish context.

Objective We will compare different laws from ancient civilizations and the USA to see what their purpose was/is and how they have changed over time.

What is the purpose of laws? What clues do these pictures provide?

Discussion Question: What is the purpose of laws? Provide justice Provide protections Punish those who commit crimes Keep order in a civilization

Explore the following ancient sets of laws and ask yourself: What makes a law just? Explore the following ancient sets of laws and ask yourself: Were they just?

Mesopotamia (Babylon) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9xmRDgh5aw Important People King Hammurabi Unified Babylonian city-states Provided justice Spread the idea of law Major Concepts Hammurabi’s Code Laws written down Punishments included “eye for an eye,” but not for equal between social classes.

Rome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18LduklUu3M Important People Patricians and Plebeians Major Concepts 12 Tables Laws written down so both the patricians and plebeians knew them and had to follow them People of same status had equal rights Presumed innocent before being guilty Guilt had to be determined by evidence Could face your accuser Judges should interpret the law to be sure of fairness

Byzantine Empire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70si9RQGa_M Important People The Emperor Justinian Major Concepts Justinian Code Had legal experts put together old Roman laws into a single written law code Served as the legal basis for criminal justice, marriage, property, slavery and women’s rights (equality under the law) Served as the basis for laws for the next 900 years!

Medieval England https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xo4tUMdAMw Important People King John Barons (nobles) Major Concepts Magna Carta written to stop the king from abusing his power (limits power of king) Gives king a set of rules to follow Allowed for fair trial (of freemen only) Stood as a symbol of liberty Charter was dismissed by Pope and retried several times, finally added to English law lasting 800 yrs.

Discuss this with your partner. In what ways did laws change over time? Which legal systems do you think were most beneficial to the people of their societies? Which legal systems do you think were most beneficial to the leaders of these societies? Be prepared to defend your answers!