Exceptions to Mendel’s Rule

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Exceptions to Mendel’s Rule

Incomplete Dominance The phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes. Ex) Snap Dragon Color Red, Pink, White

Co-dominance Phenotype of both homozygotes are produced in heterozygotes individuals. Both alleles are expressed equally. Ex)Roan Cattle White-feathered birds are both homozygotes for both B and W alleles

Multiple Alleles Ex )Blood type Blood type A and B are co-dominant, while O is recessive. Forms possible blood types of A, B, AB, and O.

Blood Also Shows Codominance

Sex-Determination Chromosome pairs 1-22 are autosomes Chromosome pair 23 are sex chromosomes They determine the sex of an individual XX = female XY = male

Sex-Linked Inheritance Traits that are only found on the X chromosome Colorblindness and Hemophilia are examples of sex-linked traits. These genes are recessive and found only on the X chromosome.

Polygenic Inheritance Inheritance pattern of a trait that is controlled by two or more genes. Gene may be on the same chromosome or on different chromosomes. Ex) Skin color and Height