SPARK In your notebook write down the following: What is in the nucleus of an atom? How is the mass number of an atom calculated? What is an isotope? AGENDA 1) SPARK 2) SHARE OUT 3) LESSON 4) CLASS WORK 5) WRAP UP

WOMEN IN SCIENCE Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to win two (the first, shared with her husband Pierre and Becquerel for discovering radioactivity; the second for discovering the radioactive elements radium and polonium). AGENDA 1) SPARK 2) SHARE OUT 3) LESSON 4) CLASS WORK 5) WRAP UP

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Nuclear Chemistry involves a changing of an atoms nucleus. These nuclear reactions are caused by the emissions of particles in the nucleus in the form of both Neutrons and Protons . This emission of both rays and particles is what we refer to as Radiation . When elements give off radiation they can alter their identities and actually can change in to other elements. AGENDA 1) SPARK 2) SHARE OUT 3) LESSON 4) CLASS WORK 5) WRAP UP

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY So the idea is that we are changing from one ISOTOPE to a completely different ISOTOPE since isotopes differ by what is in the nucleus! AGENDA 1) SPARK 2) SHARE OUT 3) LESSON 4) CLASS WORK 5) WRAP UP

WHY IS THIS NECESSARY? Elements are considered radioactive when their nuclei (nucleus) is unstable . The stability of nuclei is based on their ratio of protons to neutrons . These unstable nuclei lose protons and neutrons in order to form a ratio that is more stable. Unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation in a process called nuclear decay . Radioactive decay allows unstable atoms to lose energy by releasing one of several different types of radiation. The three most common forms of radiation are alpha (), beta () and gamma (). AGENDA 1) SPARK 2) SHARE OUT 3) LESSON 4) CLASS WORK 5) WRAP UP

High-energy electromagnetic radiation Properties of Radiation Property Alpha Beta Gamma High-energy electromagnetic radiation Composition Alpha Particles Beta Particles Description of radiation Electrons - 0 Helium nuclei Photons 0 4He 2 1 Charge 2+ 1-    Mass 6.64x10-24 kg 9.11x10-28 kg Relative Penetrating Power Not completely blocked by lead or concrete Blocked by paper Blocked by metal foil

BETA PARTICLES AGENDA 1) SPARK 2) SHARE OUT 3) LESSON 4) CLASS WORK 5) WRAP UP

GROUP PRACTICE AGENDA 1) SPARK 2) SHARE OUT 3) LESSON 4) CLASS WORK 5) WRAP UP