Section 7.2 – Cells and Technology

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Presentation transcript:

Section 7.2 – Cells and Technology Chapter 7

Light Microscopes Earliest microscopes were simple microscopes Used only one lens Used light to view objects

Zacharias Janssen designed a microscope that used two lenses to produce a large image Created the first compound light microscope

Electron Microscopes http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=fToTFjwUc5 M Used to see objects that are too small to be seen with a light microscope Specimens are illuminated with a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light

Electron micrograph – photograph of an image from an electron microscope Extremely powerful – magnifying images up to 1.2 million times http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIOOLXbwW ME

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Type of electron microscope Produces a two-dimensional image magnified 10 000X to 100 000X

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Creates a three-dimensional image Can be used to view the shapes of specimens in realistic detail Can reach a magnification of 300 000X http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfNs_PmEXII &feature=fvwrel

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) Makes it possible to study specimens that are too thick to be viewed using a compound light microscope Don’t need to cut the specimen Creates a series of two-dimensional images

Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM) Allows scientists to obtain an image of atoms on an object’s surface More magnifying power than an electron microscope Researchers are able to produce images of molecules such as DNA

A Molecular World genes direct the activities of our cells genes are sections of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA is found in a cell’s nucleus

DNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone DNA has four bases that make up its ‘rungs’: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) adenine always pairs with thymine cytosine pairs with guanine

Gene sequencing – mapping the order of all of a gene’s bases Human Genome Project International project to sequence all 30 000 to 40 000 human genes Will help diagnose and treat genetic disorders http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/tdc02_vid_ hgp/

Stem Cells are blank cells that can develop into any type of cell other cells in your body can only divide to make other cells like them stems cells are found in embryos, umbilical cords and bone marrow scientists hope to use stem cells’ to grow tissues or organs for transplants

Living or Not? virus’ are not considered living organisms; they are classified as non-living a virus contains genetic material that is enclosed in a protein coat needs to take over a host cell to be able to reproduce i.e. HIV

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