1.) What are homologous chromosome pairs?

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Presentation transcript:

1.) What are homologous chromosome pairs? OFFICIOUS (uh FISH us) adj. interfering; intrusive; eager in offering unwanted services or advice Uncle Dan was so OFFICIOUS that he wanted to help me work on my antique cars even though he knew nothing about engines. The OFFICIOUS waitress would not go away even when Jennifer told her that she wanted only coffee. Ralph’s OFFICIOUSNESS was an attempt to make friends which usually backfired on him. 1.) What are homologous chromosome pairs? 2.) How many homologous pairs do humans have? 3.) What is the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell? 4.) Gametes are diploid or haploid? 5.) Somatic cells are diploid or haploid?

KEY CONCEPT During meiosis, diploid cells undergo two cell divisions that result in haploid cells.

Cells go through two rounds of division in meiosis. Meiosis reduces chromosome number and creates genetic diversity.

Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I. Meiosis I and meiosis II each have four phases, similar to those in mitosis. Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I. Homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical. Sister chromatids divide in meiosis II. Sister chromatids are copies of the same chromosome. homologous chromosomes sister chromatids sister chromatids

Meiosis I occurs after DNA has been replicated. Meiosis I divides homologous chromosomes in four phases.

Meiosis II divides sister chromatids in four phases. DNA is not replicated between meiosis I and meiosis II.

Meiosis differs from mitosis in significant ways. Meiosis has two cell divisions while mitosis has one. In mitosis, homologous chromosomes never pair up. Meiosis results in haploid cells; mitosis results in diploid cells.

Haploid cells develop into mature gametes. Gametogenesis is the production of gametes. Gametogenesis differs between females and males. Sperm become streamlined and motile. Sperm primarily contribute DNA to an embryo. Eggs contribute DNA, cytoplasm, and organelles to an embryo. During meiosis, the egg gets most of the contents; the other cells form polar bodies.