IP Address (Network Layer)

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Presentation transcript:

IP Address (Network Layer)

An IP address is a 32-bit address.

Hexadecimal Notation 0111 0101 1001 0101 0001 1101 1110 1010 75 95 1D EA 0x75951DEA

CLASSFUL ADDRESSING

In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E.

00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 ??

11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111

Find the class of the address: 227.12.14.87

Find the class of the address: 193.14.56.22

Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and for internal testing on a local machine; [You can test this: you should always be able to ping 127.0.0.1, which points to yourself]

Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting; Class E addresses are reserved for future use. They should not be used for host address

Subnetting Subnetting an IP Network can be done for a variety of reasons, including organization, use of different physical media (such as Ethernet, FDDI, WAN, etc.), preservation of address space, and security.

The most common reason is to control network traffic The most common reason is to control network traffic. In an Ethernet network, all nodes on a segment see all the packets transmitted by all the other nodes on that segment.

Performance can be adversely affected under heavy traffic loads, due to collisions and the resulting retransmissions. A router is used to connect IP networks to minimize the amount of traffic each segment must receive.