LABOR UNIONS/IMMIGRATION

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Presentation transcript:

LABOR UNIONS/IMMIGRATION

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act? Why was it passed? - banned Chinese immigrants (with a few exceptions – students, teachers, merchants, government officials, tourists) 1882-1943 WHY? Bad economy/jobs, nativism Note: as immigration had increased—strong anti-immigrant feelings emerged Nativism—overt favoritism toward native-born Americans Immigrants would accept lower wages

What is a union? Join together to improve hours and pay for skilled and unskilled workers

Why did they emerge? Low pay, long hours, danger 12 hours/6 days a week, no vacation, no workers’ comp

Who is Samuel Gompers? Founded American Federation of Labor, 1886

What labor union did he start? What did it try to do? American Federation of Labor Represented skilled workers Focus on peaceful collective bargaining between workers and owners – negotiate wages, hours, working conditions

This is a political cartoon of the AFL This is a political cartoon of the AFL. There is a hand labeled the American Federation of Labor. It is stopping people that are labeled like radicalism and communism. The bias is towards the people who support those types of things.

Describe the Pullman Strike and the way it ended. Huge layoff, wages decreased 35-50%, didn’t cut housing costs in company town Refused to meet with delegation Violence – President Cleveland called federal troops - US federal injunction to end the strike (court order to end the strike) press

Where did immigrants come from? 1870-1920 20 million Europeans Before 1890 - most were Western and Northern European After 1890 – most were Southern and Eastern European

Who came through Ellis Island? Ellis Island – east (NY) - Europeans

Who came through Angel Island? Angel Island – West (San Francisco) Asians

What is a melting pot? Mix/blend Abandon native language and customs press Mix/blend Abandon native language and customs

What is nativism? Anti-immigrant feelings Objected more to religion than ethnicity Demand immigration restrictions Don’t like immigrants - take jobs for lower pay

What were the Chinese Exclusion Act and Gentlemen’s Agreement? Chinese Exclusion Act - anti- Asian Gentlemen’s Agreement - limited Japanese (and other Asians) Limited unskilled workers coming to US

Urbanization Problems – growing cities (mostly NE and Midwest) Housing Transportation Water Sanitation Crime Fire