EMEP Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009 Where are we, and how well will we succeed? Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU)

Positive consequences Many countries have initiated national revision plans, the general impression is that most Parties intend to comply with requirements. The strategy is used as an important instrument towards the funding authorities. CCC assists when needed. Generally large interest from research groups to get involved in EMEP measurements. A better link between the traditional monitoring community and the research groups has been established Particulate matter observations are in very good progress Support to establish EMEP level 1 sites in several EECCA countries

Status level 1 Main ions in precipitation and in air heavy metals in precipitation ozone PM10 and PM2.5 mass at ca 125 sites

Challenges Level 1 Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1

New EMEP sites in the EECCA region Support from: CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs KZ: Borovoye RO: PHARE project? MD: Leovo GE: Abastumani UA: In kind? AR: to be implemented

Expectations, EECCA countries A very important region High emissions Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues Little monitoring today Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon. Should establish at least one EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE. Training and capacity building is necessary.

Level 2, supersites (EMEP /GAW)

Challenges Level 1 Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1 Level 2 POPs monitoring receives little attention Photooxidats receives little attention (but EU directive addressing PAHs offers assistance) Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s costly and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC and mineral dust)

Interlinked POP passive sampling campaigns have been initiated to improve the poor spatial coverage at present: ~ 50 samples (INTAS 06-08)? GAPS study ~30 samples (NMR 2007-2008) ~ 70 samples (NILU 2006) ~2*50 samples (NFR 2006-2008)

POP passive sampler campaign Objectives: To gain new insight into the spatial patterns consistent sampling and analytical methodologies passive air samplers as a complementary measurements supporting model validation Selected POPs: PAHs PCBs, HCHs, HCB, “New” POPs (PBDEs)

Monitoring programme, Level 3 Optical properties Scattering and absorption coefficients Also mention that other parameters than these defined can be useful for EMEP, like hygroscopicity etc. Research driven and voluntary,

The nitrogen cycle and its influence on the European greenhouse gas balance Coordinated by M. Sutton, CEH > 60 partners, total budget ~28 mill €

Call for associates: www.eusaar.net I3-project Coord. Flossmann/Laj, CNRS Call for associates: www.eusaar.net aerosol chemical properties (inorganic/organic composition) aerosol physical properties (size distribution, mass) aerosol optical properties (light scattering/absorption coefficient, optical depth) aerosol 3D-distribution (vertical profile)

“New ground-based, aircraft and satellite measurements will be integrated with existing data to produce a global consistent dataset with the highest possible accuracy. A European measurement campaign will be designed around simultaneous multi-station observations, Lagrangian aircraft measurements and carefully selected "super-sites" http://www.atm.helsinki.fi/eucaari/

USERS http://geomon.ipsl.jussieu.fr/ GHGs Reactive Gases Aerosols Its mission is to build an integrated pan-European atmospheric observing system of greenhouse gases, reactive gases, aerosols, and stratospheric ozone. Ground-based and air-borne data are sustained and analyzed, complementary with satellite observations, in order to quantify and understand the ongoing changes of the atmospheric composition. USERS Additional measurements performed in GEOMON (to fill gaps and to link with EO observations) GHGs AGAGE, CMDL CarboEurope IMECC -Others Reactive Gases EMEP, AirBase NitroEurope Others… Aerosols EMEP (WDCA), EUSAAR AirBase EARLINET ASOS AERONET Others Ozone/UV NDACC WOUDC WRC others

Challenges for level 3 Little attention for POPs and HM (Hg speciation) General data openness and intellectual property rights No obligations to report data capacities and/or competencies More complex to assess Discontinues measurements data reporting QA/QC

Expectations for 2009 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Meet the goal in most countries Better spatial distribution in East Europe Lack of completeness for some sites Level 2 Gas/particle: more intensive (hourly) data, but probably not many that will start denuder measurements (NitroEurope will help) VOC. Will be better because of EU directive, but probably not implemented fully PM. EC and OC implemented, but not mineral dust HM. Not fully spatial coverage, but improved POPs. Have to complement with passive sampling for spatial coverage Level 3 Well integrated for research programmes on PM Vertical profiles form i.e EARLINET being more integrated