DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS- REVIEW

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Presentation transcript:

DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS- REVIEW Ayesha Abdullah 21.08.2017

LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture the students should be able to: Define blindness, visual impairment & low vision according to the WHO- ICD-10 classification Critically evaluate the definition & its implications Describe the global burden of blindness & visual impairment. Identify the major causes of blindness at global and national level.

Definition of blindness Which system of classification is used to define blindness 1. International Statistical Classification of Diseases & related health problems, 10th revision (ICD-10)

http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online2006/

Definitions There are 4 levels of visual function, according to the International Classification of Diseases -10 Normal vision Moderate visual impairment Severe visual impairment Blindness “low vision” Visual Impairment

Definition of blindness (ICD-10,Visual impairment (VI) categories 3, 4 & 5) Blindness is defined as a visual acuity (VA) of less than 3/60 (20/400) in the better eye with best possible correction Or A visual field in the better eye to less than 100 from fixation Key words?

6 5 4 3 2 1 visual acuity less than 3/60

Which one is the better eye? in the better eye 6/12 1/60 1/60 2/60

best possible correction

visual field loss Better eye less than 100

ICD VA VF (degrees) What it defines 6/6 – 6/18 > 20 Normal 1 Category VA VF (degrees) What it defines 6/6 – 6/18 > 20 Normal 1 <6/18-6/60 < 20 MVI 2 <6/60-3/60 SVI 3 <3/60-1/60 <10 B 4 <1/60-PL 5 NPL

Let’s examine a few scenarios VA Visual Field Rt eye (OD) Lt eye (OS) 1 6/24 2/60 2 6/12 6/9 150 100 3 6/6 1/60 4 6/60 PL 5

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BLINDNESS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT MAGNITUDE AND CAUSES

Global distribution

Causes of blindness, Global level

Distribution of causes of blindness DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Cataract Diabetic retinopathy & glaucoma Glaucoma & corneal opacity Diabetic eye disease ( emerging) & AMD

“ Avoidable & unavoidable blindness” That can be either treated or prevented by known, cost-effective means Cataract Refractive errors Diabetic retinopathy Unavoidable blindness Retinal causes of childhood blindness ARMD

Cataract

Glaucoma

Corneal opacity

Childhood blindness mortality & morbidity Vitamin A deficiency Normal Keratomalacia

Trachoma

Age-related macular degeneration