Academic English Skills ULAB1122 NOTE MAKING SKILLS I ULAB1122 COMMITTEE

INTRODUCTION Making notes is recording important details from our reading. Notes can: - help us remember what we read - - the main points; - act as reinforcement of reading; - be useful for revision; - aids concentration, focus & understanding;

NOTE MAKING AND PARAPHRASING When making notes we need to PARAPHRASE words and sentences as much as possible

WHAT IS PARAPHRASING Paraphrasing is writing another person’s idea in your own words without changing its original meaning Paraphrasing must be done to avoid plagiarism

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM? Plagiarism is copying other people’s work without acknowledging the author Presenting other people’s writing/ idea as your own Taking credit for other’s work Plagiarism is a crime You can be charged for plagiarizing

Source: unf.edu

Source: wiki.noblenet.org

COMMON FORMS OF PLAGIARISM Plagiarism occur when someone: Download an assignment from an online source and submit it as your own work. Buy, steal or borrow an assignment and submitting it as your own work. Pay/let someone else write a paper for you Copy a section of a book or an article and submit it as your own work.

COMMON FORMS OF PLAGIARISM cont…. Copy, cut and paste text from an electronic source and submitting it as your own work. Use the words of someone else and presenting them as your own. Use significant ideas from someone else and presenting them as your own.

WHY STUDENTS PLAGIARISZE

WARNING: Plagiarism is a serious offense, in academia Anyone committing plagiarism can be expelled from university. Therefore, students need to learn how to CITE references used in their work

HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM In order to avoid plagiarism, you need to: quote, summarize and paraphrase; cite the author in your text; write an annotated bibliography/ reference.

HOW TO PARAPHRASE Synonyms - using words with same/ similar meanings Condensation - using a shortened version of a written work 3. Circumlocution - using more words to express an idea 4. Changing sentence structure a. Phrase reversal b. Active-Passive voice c. Alternate word form

1. SYNONYMS Substituting words with the same /similar meanings Example of using synonyms: Original: 55 is the traditional age for workers to retire in Malaysia. Paraphrase: 55 is the traditional age for employees to retire in Malaysia.

2. CONDENSATION Express the same idea in shorter phrases Example: Original: 55 is the traditional age for workers to retire in Malaysia. Paraphrase: 55 is the traditional retirement age in Malaysia.

3. CIRCUMLOCUTION Using more words to express the same idea Example: Original: 55 is the traditional age for worker to retire in Malaysia. Paraphrase: 55 is the traditional age for workers to end their professional career in Malaysia.

4. CHANGE SENTENCE STRUCTURE a. Phrase Reversal Reverse the order of the phrases in the sentence Example: Original: 55 is the traditional age for workers to retire in Malaysia. Paraphrase: In Malaysia, the traditional age for workers to retire is 55.

4. CHANGE SENTENCE STRUCTURE b. Active – Passive Voice Active voice can be changed into passive voice by using this formula: Example: Original: The company fired 15 workers. Paraphrase: 15 workers were fired by the company. subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)

4. CHANGE SENTENCE STRUCTURE c. Alternate word form Different word forms can be used to paraphrase Example: Original: A manager’s success is often due to perseverance. Paraphrase: A manager often succeeds because of perseverance. A managers’ success is often because they persevere.

STEPS IN NOTE MAKING Read and identify main ideas Make marginal notes Underline, circle or highlight Make marginal notes Rewrite the key words / phrases Next to the paragraphs Transfer the information in note form - Linear or - Non-Linear form