Bell Work: Acids and Bases Acids and bases ( are / are not ) solutions. ( H+ / OH- ) ions are dissociated from acids. ( Acids / Bases / both ) can be extremely dangerous. Name an acid you encounter every day. Name a base you encounter every day.

Acids and Bases

Acids and bases only form when dissolved in water to form a solution! HCl (g) = hydrogen chloride gas HCl (aq) = hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water; the new name is hydrochloric acid HCl

ACIDS BASES Neutral Substances vinegar, milk, soda, aspirin, citrus fruits ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda Neutral Substances pH 7 Equal [H+] = [OH-] pure water

PHYSICAL Properties of Acids sour taste can burn soluble in water conductive (electrolyte) pH 0-6.9 (more H+ than OH-) 14 7 INCREASING ACIDITY INCREASING BASICITY NEUTRAL

PHYSICAL Properties of Bases bitter taste can burn soluble in water conductive (electrolyte) dissolves fats and oils slippery pH 7.1-14 (more OH- than H+) 14 7 INCREASING ACIDITY INCREASING ALKALINITY NEUTRAL

CHEMICAL Properties of Acids react with (corrode) metals react with bases reacts with carbonates (limestone) Corrosive

CHEMICAL Properties of Bases react with acids are caustic Can eat through hair

According to Arrhenius: Acids and Bases According to Arrhenius: Acids have hydrogen (H+) or hydronium (H3O+) ions in solution 2. Bases have hydroxide (OH-) and metallic ions in solution – must be “OH” TOGETHER! Alkaline is a term that refers to a base.

Identify each as an acid or base according to Arrhenius: HCl 2. H3PO4 3. NaOH 4. Ca(OH)2 5. NH3 = acid H+ ion present = acid OH not together = base OH IS together = base OH IS together = base = neither WHY????

Acids and Bases According to Bronsted-Lowry: 1. Acids are hydrogen donors  they form a conjugate base 2. Bases are hydrogen acceptors  they form a conjugate acid

1. HF / H2Se / 3. H3PO4 / F - HSe- H2PO4- Identify the conjugate base for each of the following acids. Remember: Acids donate/give away hydrogen! 1. HF / H2Se / 3. H3PO4 / F - HSe- H2PO4- Type of Acid? Monoprotic Polyprotic & diprotic Polyprotic & triprotic Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H+ Monoprotic - an acid with one H+

This is so easy I’m doing a happy dance! Identify the conjugate acid for each of the following bases. Remember: Bases accept hydrogen! This is so easy I’m doing a happy dance! 1. Br - / 2. HSO4- / 3. CO32- / HBr H2SO4 HCO3-

Identify acid, base, conjugate acid and conjugate base.  HF + H2O  H3O+ + F- acid conj. base conjugates always on this side ALWAYS LOOK TO SEE HOW THE REACTANTS CHANGED!

 H2SO3 + H2O  HSO3- + H3O+ Example #1: CONJUGATE ACID BASE donates hydrogen BASE accepts hydrogen CONJUGATE ACID

H2PO4 + H2O  H3PO4+ + OH- Example #2: BASE accepts hydrogen CONJUGATE ACID donates hydrogen BASE accepts hydrogen CONJUGATE ACID