Unifying Italy Ch. 10 section 3 notes

Division of Italy Italy was divided in 1814 into 30 states They were controlled by Austria, France, and Spain

What did Giuseppe Mazzini do? Many people in Italy had strong nationalist feelings He founded Young Italy –secret society 1848 revolts broke out led by Giuseppe Mazzini Mazzini’s rebellion failed For the next 20 years, France controlled Rome

Giuseppe Mazzini

Mazzini Ended up spending most of his life in exile plotting and dreaming of a united Italy He is called the ‘Soul’ of Italian unity because he stood for its spirit and freedom He is also known as the ‘beating heart’ of Italy

What did Camillo di Cavour do? Count Camillo di Cavour was the Prime Minister of Sardinia Sardinia was the only Italian state ruled by Italy In 1848 Sardinia declared war on Austria Camillo figured out a way to end outside rule first

Continued He teamed up with France and together they defeated Austria He planned to get two major powers to fight one another and leave Italy alone He was called the “Brain” of Italian Unity

Camillo di Cavour

What did Giuseppe Garibaldi do? Cavour united the northern states of Italy He secretly helped nationalists in the southern states In May 1860 a small army of Italian nationalists invaded Sicily Giuseppe Garibaldi led them

Garibaldi

Garibaldi continued He always wore a red shirt in battle His followers imitated him and their uniforms became the ‘red shirts’ He is called the “sword” of Italian unity

Who became Italy’s first king? In March 1861, King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia became the first king of unified Italy Rome became the capital Part of Rome was set aside for the Pope’s use. It is called Vatican City and is still the center of the Catholic Church today.

Victor Emmanuel II

Vatican City

Vatican City

Turmoil Victor Emmanuel II led Italy with a constitutional monarchy It had a two part legislature in which the upper house was chosen by the king and the lower house was elected-very few were allowed to vote Socialists organized strikes, anarchists wanted to abolish government

Turmoil continued Government started granting more suffrage to men More laws passed to improve social conditions To distract from the troubles at home, Italy will set out to invade Ethiopia

Economic progress Italy will develop and industrialize Population explosion of this time resulted in the emigration of many Italians to U.S., Canada, and Latin America