How many genes on each chromosome? hundreds

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

What is a Karyotype? Karyotype: picture of an individual’s chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs. Chromosomes are usually extracted during METAPHASE.

Advertisements

C-Notes: Chromosomal Abnormalities (Errors of Meiosis)

February 23, 2009 Objective: Discuss the effects of nondisjunction

Introduction to Human Genetics

Introduction to Human Genetics

Genetic Mutations.

Section 6-1 Chromosomes. Cell division is the same as reproduction of the cell. Gametes – an organism’s reproductive cells Females – eggs Males – sperm.

12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Errors of Meiosis Chromosomal Abnormalities Chromosomal abnormalities Incorrect number of chromosomes – nondisjunction chromosomes don’t separate properly.

Meiosis and Human Reproduction

Ch. 12.1: DNA stores Information Objectives: 1.Describe how DNA is packed within the nucleus. 2.Explain the significance of the Human Genome Project. Vocab:

How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have?

CHROMOSOMES AND CELL REPRODUCTION SECTION 1: CHROMOSOMES Chapter 6 Grade 10 Biology Fall 2010.

Cell Cycle #4 - Errors of Meiosis Chromosomal Abnormalities.

Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction Chromosome structure and role in development and reproduction.

Chromosomes and Karyotypes What is a Chromosome Terminology Chromosomal Mutations Differences among species Karyotypes Nondisjunction disorders.

Karyotype- magnified images of chromosomes that are arranged in order A human karyotype.

Epistasis, Polyploidy, Karyotypes, and Pedigrees Chapter 11.

MEIOSIS AND CROSSING OVER Chromosomes are matched in homologous pairs Homologous chromosomes: the 2 members of a pair of chromosomes—contain genes for.

Chromosomes and Human Genetics Chapter 11. Karyotyping Separating chromosomes for an individual The human chromosomes have been karyotyped to see what.

+ Chromosome Number Mutations 8.19 to Karyotype Photographic display of metaphase chromosomes arranged by size and centromere position Used to.

4.3 Alterations In Chromosome Structure and Number

Journey through the studies of Mitosis and Meiosis.

The arrangement of homologous chromosome pairs at metaphase I affects resulting gametes. A total of four chromosome combinations is possible in the.

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings To study human chromosomes microscopically, researchers stain and display them.

Chapter 6 Chromosomes & Cell Reproduction. General Information  about 2 TRILLION cells are produced by an adult human body EVERY DAY  new cells are.

When Meiosis goes wrong

Aim: How can we compare chromosome mutations & gene mutations? Chromosome Gene.

Date: March 22, 2016 Aim #65: How can we compare chromosome and gene mutations?? HW: 1) Study! 2)Genetics Test next Tuesday (p.5) & Wednesday (p.1 & p.7)!!

Chromosomes/DNA Mutations. Chromosome Mutation Mutations are permanent gene or chromosome changes that will be passed on to offspring if they occur in.

Karyotypes Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes Autosomes: Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (X or Y chromosome) – Humans.

Lecture 19: Dividing the Cell II - Meiosis

Chromosomal Mutations

Chromosomal Disorders

Aim # 55: How can we compare chromosome mutations and gene mutations?

Presentation of Genetics

Mistakes In Meiosis.

A change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information

Chromosomes Honors Biology.

Karyotype A photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that show the chromosomes arranged by size. Purpose of a Karyotype: (1) to detect abnormalities.

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chromosomal Mutations & Karyotypes

Karyotypes & Chromosome Mutations

Nondisjunction GT pg (Section 13.10) chromosomal mutation, p.408 (Last paragraph)?? Reg- p. 401, top 374.

4.2-Sexual Reproduction cont’d Genetic Variation

Chromosomes/DNA Mutations

A change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information

Mistakes in Meiosis Meiosis Lecture 4.

Karyotypes & Chromosome Mutations

When Meiosis Goes Wrong:

Karyotypes & Chromosome Mutations

When Meiosis Goes Wrong:

DNA and the Genome Key Area 6c Chromosome Mutations.

Meiotic Errors & Chromosomal Mutations

Karyotypes& Chromosome Mutations

CHAPTER 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Chromosome Mutations.

MISTAKES IN MEIOSIS.

What are they?? How do we use them?

Bellringer Please add questions (2 per page) and a summary to your Blood Types and Sex-Linked Notes. Summary 3 things you learned 2 things you found interesting.

CHROMOSOMES As a eukaryotic cell prepares to divide the DNA

DNA and the Genome Key Area 6c Chromosome Mutations.

Karyotype A photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that show the chromosomes arranged by size. Purpose of a Karyotype: (1) to detect abnormalities.

What are they?? How do we use them?

CHROMOSOMES As a eukaryotic cell prepares to divide the DNA

Chromosomal Mutations

Presentation transcript:

How many genes on each chromosome? hundreds What would happen if a pair of chromosomes were broken or missing? It may affect a lot of genes During meiosis (sex. Reproduction), chromosomes go to daughter cells.

However, sometimes mistakes happen. Down Syndrome Karyotype: normal human karyotype has 46 total chromosomes, or 23 pairs Notice # 21 has an extra chromosome

(described syndrome in 1866) Trisomy 21: a karyotype that includes three number 21 chromosomes Down Syndrome: John Langdon Down (described syndrome in 1866) Physical & other features: Distinct facial features heart defects an impaired immune system varying degrees of mental disability

Non Disjunction: homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids failing to separate during meiosis As women get older, chances of DS increase.

Damaged Chromosomes 4 Types Duplication - change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated Deletion - change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed

Inversion - change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the original chromosome is reversed Translocation - change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome