Napoleon Bonaparte Chpt 7, sec 3

Long remembered in History Napoleon Bonaparte: Becomes Emperor of France. Remembered as one of the greatest Military Geniuses of all time.

Fast rise to the top! French revolution begins in 1789 Napoleon crowned emperor in 1804

Born in Corsica (Not French) Napoleon Bonaparte Born in Corsica (Not French) Sent to Military school at age 9, graduated at 16. Revolution broke out, Napoleon joined army of new government. Royalist marched on National Convention, he defended the delegates. Was named hero of people of France.

Promoted to General, he leads forces against Austria and Kingdom of Sardinia Bonaparte crosses the Alps, and enters Italy, many victories along the way. Defeats Austrian Forces, forcing a retreat. Captured 150,000 prisoners, 540 cannons, and 170 standards

Napoleon Crossing the Alps Riding a mule in sunshine. Believed that the painting should be a representation of his character rather than his physical appearance. Names in rocks. Bonaparte, Hannibal, Karolvs. All Generals who were crossing

Failure in Egypt began with army of 13,000 men 1,500 were reported missing 1,200 died in combat Thousands perished from disease— mostly bubonic plague. Marched army back to Egypt. To speed up retreat, ordered the sick men to be poisoned with opium. No one knows how many.

Napoleon managed to keep failure out of papers, and remained hero of the people. On his return, Napoleon finds a weak government , and is urged to take control of France.

Establish a Three person consul. 1799, Directory (French Government) has lost control and confidence of people. Napoleon and troops surround Directory. Coup d’Etat (koo day Tah): “Blow to the state” Political power taken suddenly, by force. Establish a Three person consul. Napoleon takes 1st consul, powers of dictator.

France still at war with Britain, Austria, and Russia. Napoleon leads troops out of Paris. War and diplomacy brings a peace agreement between all countries. 1802, Europe at peace for first time in 10.

Napoleon pretends to follow Constitution. Desperate for strong leadership, new constitution voted in. Plebiscite: vote of the people. Gives all of power to Napoleon. Kept many changes that came with revolution, and strengthened central Government.

Napoleon signs a contract with the church Concordat Signed document that recognized influence of the church but kept separate in national affairs. Napoleon signs a contract with the church

Napoleon as Ruler of France Napoleonic Code System of laws that eliminated many injustices. (got rid of things that weren’t fair to all)

Napoleonic code actually limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights. Not what it seems….

Freedom of Speech and Freedom of the Press were restricted. Restored slavery in the French colonies of the Caribbean Why would people agree to the loss of freedoms?

Napoleon crowned as Emperor Napoleon takes crown from Pope and places on his own head. Symbolically signals he is more powerful than the Church. Napoleon crowned as Emperor

Napoleon creates an empire. Wants to control France and the rest of Europe Looks to reassert power of the Americas. Napoleon creates an empire.

Civil war in Saint Domingue Why do countries seek colonies? Natural resources Rich in sugar production. Civil war in Saint Domingue

Disease and fierce rebels bring failure, need for money

U.S. buys all of Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. Napoleons sells France territories in The U.S. Louisiana Purchase: U.S. buys all of Louisiana territory from France for $15 million.

Why does Napoleon sell? #1: Needed money for Europe. #2:Punish the English. Why does Napoleon sell?

“ The sale assures forever the power of the United States, and I have given England a rival who, sooner or later, will humble her pride.”

Focus on Europe Prior successes: British fears his ambition, persuades Russia, Austria and Sweden to fight against France. Austria and the Netherlands, Parts of Italy, and Switzerland. Focus on Europe

Battle of Trafalgar Only major battle Napoleon lost against the English

Trafalgar continued… 1. Destroyed the French Naval Fleet. 2. British Navy supreme for the next 100 years. 3. Forced Napoleon to give up his plans for invading Britain.

Map. Page 232 Battlefield successes forced the rulers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia to sign peace treaties. Napoleon has largest empire since the Romans. Still battles naval empire of England