Bonding, Polarity, Solubility

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Presentation transcript:

Bonding, Polarity, Solubility

Bonding Let’s recap a few different types of molecules

Bonding Ionic Strong attraction between metal and non- metal Bond formed between (+) ion and (-) ion

Ionic Bond

Bonding Covalent (non-polar) Weaker bonds between non-metals Equal sharing of electrons between atoms

Covalent Bond

Bonding Covalent (polar) Weaker/medium bonds between nonmetals Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms What causes this unequal sharing? What causes polarity?

Polarity Electronegativity is an atom’s ability attract electrons If 2 atoms bond together, and one is more electronegative than the other, the shared electrons will be pulled toward it This results in one side of the molecule being more negative, and the other side being more positive (THIS IS POLARITY)

Polarity Determining electronegativity: Look up value (ranges from 0 to 4) in textbook (pg. 303) Trend: increases across a period, decreases down a row

Polarity Small (0-0.4) differences in electronegativity, covalent non-polar H—H or C—H Large (over 1.8) differences in electronegativity, ionic O—H In between (0.4-1.8), covalent polar K—Cl

Polarity Water as a polar molecule…

Solubility If “like dissolves like” then we can predict what substances will be soluble in water

Solubility Water, being polar itself, will dissolve substances that are polar Let’s look at 2 examples…

Solubility Sugar (C6H12O6) in water Yes, it dissolves

Solubility Salt (NaCl) in water Yes, it dissolves, but it even dissociates, too