Chapter IX: The building of a paradise The 30’s were in the spirit of industrialization and modernization. The first revolution was about putting the Communist in charge The second revolution was about building the Communist utopia in the USSR. Who were the new enemies of the state? The NKVD is very busy. With what?

The peasantry as primitive and uneducated Easy pray to kulaks and religious superstition Stage One: Emergency measures Stage Two: The Urals-Siberian method-denouncing kulaks and confiscating grain from them. Stage Three (i): Forced collectivization In 1929 Stalin wants all farms to become collective farms by 1930. Too dangerous to resist the changes, you could be accused of being a kulak.

Stage Four: The party retreats dekulakization Peasant opposition Stage Four: The party retreats Read on p. 167 about a critical article on forced collectivization. Stage Five: It’s back to collectivization Stage Six: Famine of 1932-34. Read P.168, S 8 and 9 on collectivization. You don’t talk about it in public-5 years in jail just for referring to it. 4-5 million died of famine

Stage Seven: Consolidation IN 1935 some concessions were made which allowed peasants to own a bit of life stock such as one cow, four sheep, one sow etc.

Building an industrial society Read p.174, S 22 on Stalin’s vision Imitating the USA Propaganda posters see p. 176 A socialist competition : Stakhanovites and shock workers But the wages remain very low

Fear: Managers and technicians responsible for their work. What if you failed to meet the target? Sabotage and wrecking The Shakhty Trial of 1928.

What problem would the arrest of technicians and managers have on the production? The success of the 5 year plan. Read S.33,p.189

Conclusion The 1930’s were the years of gigantic social experiments The costs for the industrialization ran into millions Quantity vs. quality Is working hard possible without the individual profit motive? Is working for the the good of the wider community good enough.