Enzymes.

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Presentation transcript:

Enzymes

What Are Enzymes? Enzymes are Proteins Act as Catalyst to speed up chemical reactions

Enzymes Are specific for what they catalyze Are Reusable End in –ase -Sucrase -Lactase -Maltase

How do enzymes Work? Enzymes weaken chemical bonds which lowers activation energy (the energy needed to start a reaction)

Enzymes Without Enzyme With Enzyme Free Energy Progress of the reaction Reactants Products Free energy of activation

Enzyme-Substrate Complex The substance an enzyme acts on is the substrate Enzyme Joins Substrate

Active Site A restricted region on an enzyme molecule that binds to the substrate. Active Site Enzyme Substrate

What Affects Enzyme Activity? Two factors: 1.Environmental Conditions 2.Enzyme Inhibitors

1. Environmental Conditions 1. Extreme Temperatures are the most dangerous - high temps denature (unfold) the enzyme. (globular  chain) 2. pH (most like 6-8 pH near neutral)

2. Two examples of Enzyme Inhibitors a. Competitive inhibitors: attaches to the active site and blocks substrate Enzyme Substrate Competitive inhibitor

Inhibitors b. Noncompetitive inhibitors: binds to another part of the enzyme changes the active site. Enzyme Noncompetitive Inhibitor Substrate active site altered

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