Harmonics.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Waves and Sound Honors Physics. What is a wave A WAVE is a vibration or disturbance in space. A MEDIUM is the substance that all SOUND WAVES travel through.

Advertisements

1. If this standing wave is 3.2 m long, what is the wavelength? (2.56 m)

Resonance: More Practice Resonance occurs when the frequency of the forcing vibration is _________ the natural frequency of the object. A. less thanC.

Chapter 14 Sound AP Physics B Lecture Notes.

Beats  Different waves usually don’t have the same frequency. The frequencies may be much different or only slightly different.  If the frequencies are.

Sound Interference Positions of zero displacement resulting from destructive interference are referred to as: A. antinodes B. nodes C. supercrests D. supertroughs.

Find the fundamental frequency and third harmonic of an organ pipe of length 50cm. Assume the organ pipe is closed at one end and the speed of sound in.

Principle of Superposition Interference Stationary Waves

Dr. Jie Zou PHY 1151G Department of Physics

Longitudinal Standing Waves  Consider a tube with both ends opened  If we produce a sound of frequency f 1 at one end, the air molecules at that end.

Chapter 13 Sound. Sound is a compressional wave created by a disturbance or vibration that compresses molecules.

Waves and Sound AP Physics 1. What is a wave A WAVE is a vibration or disturbance in space. A MEDIUM is the substance that all SOUND WAVES travel through.

1. A Pan pipe is 62.2 cm long, and has a wave speed of 321 m/s. It is a one end open, one end fixed pipe. a. Draw the first three harmonics of vibration.

Harmonics Physics Chapter 13-3 Pages A. Standing waves on a vibrating string Fundamental frequency – lowest frequency of vibration of a standing.

Standing Waves When an incident wave interferes with a reflected wave to form areas of constructive and destructive interference. When an incident wave.

THE PHYSICS OF MUSIC ♫. MUSIC Musical Tone- Pleasing sounds that have periodic wave patterns. Quality of sound- distinguishes identical notes from different.

Chapter 12 Objectives Differentiate between the harmonic series of open and closed pipes. Calculate the harmonics of a vibrating string and of open and.

MECHANICAL WAVES WAVE PROPERTIES SOUND…“WHAT?”

Sound Interference Positions of zero displacement resulting from destructive interference are referred to as: A. antinodes B. nodes C. supercrests D. supertroughs.

Musical Instruments. Standing Waves  Waves that reflect back and forth interfere.  Some points are always at rest – standing waves.

Vibrating Strings and Resonance in Air Columns. String Instruments  In many musical instruments, the source sets a string into vibration  Standing waves.

A “physical phenomenon that stimulates the sense of hearing.”

13.3. Harmonics A vibrating string will produce standing waves whose frequencies depend upon the length of the string. Harmonics Video 2:34.

Stringed Instruments (Ex. Guitars, pianos, violins)  Vibrating the string sets up a standing wave, the vibration from the string resonate the sounding.

11/25 Standing Waves (for Lab)

Chapter 12 Sound Hr Physics. Sound  Vibrations in matter. No one need be around to hear it.  Composed of Compressions & Rarefactions.  Compressions.

Unit 04 - Sound. Vibrating Strings  Each string on a guitar or violin has a distinct frequency when set in motion.  The frequency or pitch of a string.

Standing Waves Music to my ears ? II.

Physics Chp 13 SOUND. Compression vs Rarefaction Pitch – how we perceive the frequency Speed depends on medium (air, water, ice) 3D – goes in all directions.

Sound Physics. Sound Source All sounds are produced by the vibrations of material objects The frequency of sounds is often described by the word pitch.

PHYS 20 LESSONS Unit 6: Simple Harmonic Motion Mechanical Waves Lesson 10: Waves and Vibrations.

Chapter 13 Review Sound. 1. What type of waves are sound waves?

Sound Waves The production of sound involves setting up a wave in air. To set up a CONTINUOUS sound you will need to set a standing wave pattern. Three.

Physics Sound 12.1 Characteristics of Sound 12.2 Intensity of Sound - Decibels 12.5 Vibrating Strings and Air Columns 12.7 Interference of Sound.

Longitudinal Standing Waves antinodes (max. vibration) nodes (no vibration)

SoundSection 3 What do you think? A violin, a trumpet, and a clarinet all play the same note, a concert A. However, they all sound different. What is the.

Harmonics Review Music to my ears?. Standing Waves Vibrating Strings Each standing wave has a different frequency Single pitches = Multiple frequencies.

Chapter 12 Sound Producing a Sound Wave Characteristics of Sound Waves The Speed of Sound Spherical and Plane Waves The.

For a standing wave to be set up in a string there has to be two waves travelling in it. Explain what has to be the same and what has to be different about.

Traveling Waves Standing Waves Musical Instruments Musical Instruments all work by producing standing waves. There are three types of instrument.

Music Music is a “ pleasant ” sound (longitudinal) wave. The pitch is the frequency of the wave. The loudness is the amplitude of the wave. Music is made.

Harmonics on the guitar Resonating air column (open ended)

Waves & Sound Review Level Physics.

Waves & Sound Review Level Physics.

Standing Waves.

Waves and Sound AP Physics B.

Musical Instruments.

Principle of Superposition Interference Stationary Waves

Waves and Sound.

antinodes (max. vibration)

Standing waves.

Standing waves review A standing wave occurs when there is constructive interference between a wave and it reflections from a boundary.

Resonance Waves and Sound

Waves and Sound AP Physics B.

Waves and Sound Honors Physics.

THE PHYSICS OF MUSIC ♫.

Waves and Sound AP Physics B.

Waves and Sound AP Physics 1.

1 If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, which one of the following frequencies can set the string into resonant vibration? (A) 250.

Waves and Sound.

Waves and Sound AP Physics B.

Waves and Sound AP Physics 1.

Music Examples Answers

Waves and Sound Physics.

Chapter 15 Notes Sound.

Presentation transcript:

Harmonics

Vibrating Strings… A string that is fixed at both ends can experience standing waves and therefore harmonic motion. First harmonic λ=2L Second harmonic λ= L Third harmonic λ = 2/3 L Fourth harmonic λ = ½ L

In string instruments… f= n (v/2L) f is frequency in Hz n is the harmonic # v is wave speed(345m/s) L is length of string

In open ended wind instruments… f= n (v/2L) f is frequency in Hz n is the harmonic # v is wave speed(345m/s) L is length of instrument

In closed ended instruments… f= n (v/4L) f is frequency in Hz n is the harmonic # v is wave speed(345m/s) L is length of instrument ONLY ODD numbered harmonics will form!!!

Example 1: What are the first 3 harmonics in an open ended instrument which is 2.45m long? Assume that the speed of sound in air is 345m/s. f= n (v/2L) This is 3 separate problems. f= 1 (345/2(2.45))= 70.4Hz f2= 2(345/2(2.45))= 141 Hz f3= 3(345/2(2.45))= 211 Hz

Example 2: What happens to the fundamental frequency of the instrument in example 1 if one end is closed? f= n (v/4L) f= 1(345/ 4(2.45)) = 35.2Hz Frequency decreased!!!

Intrinsic Frequency Different materials have “intrinsic” frequency which means when stuck or dropped, copper will have a different pitch than steel or iron. This is like density!

Resonance Frequency One objects natural frequency can set another object into motion…this is known as resonance. You have probably experienced resonance when a car with a LOUD stereo pulls up next to you at a stop light. Resonance frequency can cause objects to structural fail. Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZD8ffPwXRo