Immune System Lines of Defense.

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Presentation transcript:

Immune System Lines of Defense

First Line of Defense: Physical Barriers (Nonspecific)

Physical Barriers: Skin Body Secretions -mucous membrane -sweat -tears - saliva Cilia on cells which secrete mucous in the respiratory tract (Modern Bio. 956)

Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory Response (Nonspecific)

Inflammatory Response: Body’s initial local healing reaction to an injury Phagocytes: white blood cells that surround, engulf, and consume foreign particles Macrophage: largest phagocytes that consume large numbers of invading pathogens

Macrophage engulfing yeast cells

Macrophage attacking e-coli

Inflammatory Response 1. Small cut triggers 2. Injured cells release a chemical alarm 3. Capillaries swell 4. Phagocytes released 5. Phagocytes destroy pathogens

Inflamatory Response

Third Line of Defense: The Immune System (Specific)

The Immune System 1. Immunity: the body’s ability to recognize and resist infection by specific pathogens/toxins

2. Active immunity: your body produces its’ own substances (antibodies) to fight pathogens http://www.merck.com/media/mmhe2/figures/fg183_3.gif

Antibodies vs. Antbiotics Antibodies – made by your body, can work on MOST pathogens (including viruses) Antibiotics - Prevent bacterial cell wall from forming, NOT made by your body Symptoms of illness are produced when pathogen releases toxins

3. Passive immunity: antibodies are produced by another source Vaccine: formed from weakened, dead, or parts of pathogens to develop immunity http://www.vpul.upenn.edu/ohe/library/cold/vaccine.jpg