Plantations and Slavery
The Cotton Boom Industrial Revolution -increased # of goods being produced -increased demand for raw materials Cotton growers wanted to meet this demand.
The Cotton Gin Cotton gin Eli Whitney Machine that made cleaning seeds from cotton faster 1Lb/day 50Lbs/day Eli Whitney Inventor of the cotton gin.
Slavery Expands 1790-1860 cotton production increased x 1,000 Slaves/South raised millions of bales of cotton for textile mills. Cotton production ; Demand for Slavery 1808: illegal to import Africans as slaves Birth rate of slaves already in U.S. grew 1810-1840 slave pop. In south more than doubled
Southern Support for Slavery 1840: 1/3 white families owned slaves 1/10th large plantations w/ 20+slaves Most southern farmers owned few/no slaves Hoped to buy slaves someday Raise more cotton earn more money
African Americans in the South Varied Conditions ½ slaves worked on plantations Others: servants, factory hands, day laborers Could be cruel, beat, etc. 5% African Americans free Born free Freed by owner Bought freedom Problems Not allowed to vote, be educated Employers refused to hire them Possibility of being captured/sold into slavery
Families Under Slavery members could be sold away from one another mothers/children could be separated had children, even tho they might be taken away
Slave Rebellions Extreme form of resistance to slavery – armed rebellion Leaders/followers hanged Nat Turner Leader of an 1831 slave rebellion in Virginia Effects Fear in south Whites killed 200 blacks in revenge Considered ending slavery Passed laws limiting freedoms of ALL blacks
A Common Culture Spirituals- religious folk songs Voiced desire of freedom Contained coded messages – plan of escape, tell of owners early return
Describe the daily life and culture of African Americans in the South in the mid 1800s.