Islamic Legislation Part 3

Differences: Riwayah Dirayah Only Narrating Ahadeeth of the Prophet (saw) Dirayah Understanding and Deriving the rules from the Ahadeeth of the Prophet (saw)

Sources of Islamic Legislation إستنباط Derive How we derive rulings from the source Usool Al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurist prudence) أصول (basic/rules)

أصول Base/Rule Definition: It’s the knowledge of those laws which provide the means of providing the rules of the Shari’ah. Subject Matters: 4 Proofs {Qur’an|Sunnah|Ijmaa (Consensus)|Qiyaas (Logical analysis)} Purpose: The reason for learning this knowledge is to become aware of the proof of the Shari’ah, because Muslims are obliged to follow the Shari’ah.

1st Base of Islamic Law-Qur’an The Qur’an is the Main Source of all Islamic Teachings It provides a code of conduct for every believer The Qur’an Explains itself, Being its own Tafseer Example: In Surah Maaidah 5:1 – Allah (sw) Says: Explanantion In Surah Maaidah 5:3 – Allah (sw) Says:

2nd Base of Islamic Law-Sunnah Literal: Path/Way/Action/Habit Technical: Words, actions and approval (silent) of the Prophet (pbuh) and the Sahaba by extention. Example: لاتغضب “Do not get angry” Note: Relation with the Qur’an and the Sunnah is Linked

Parts of a Hadeeth: Rawee (Narrator) Sanad (Chain of narrator/narrators) Matan (Text) حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَنْصَارِيُّ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ وَقَّاصٍ اللَّيْثِيَّ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ ‏ "‏ إِنَّمَا الأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى دُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوْ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ يَنْكِحُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ ‏"‏‏. Rawee Sanad Matan

Three Types of Hadeeth: Mutawatirah (Anyone who rejects Disbelief) Masthoor (Anyone who rejects Sinner) Khabr Wahid (Anyone who rejects Nothing) Mutawatirah Masthoor Khabr Wahid P P P Large Group Small Group Large Group Large Group Small Group Large Group Small Group Large Group Small Group Written Written Large Group

3rd Base of Islamic Law-Ijmaa 3 Parts: After Prophet’s Demise The Scholar’s unanimity of the era In the matters that are “Furoo” (Subsidiaries) Mujtahid (Trained Scholar) Mujtahehedeen (Plural)

Examples of أصول – Roots (Serious matter) Salaah Zakaat Hajj Masjid

Examples of فروع –Branches (Non Important Issues) How to Pray How to Drive a car

Three Types of Ijmaa: Mutawatirah (Anyone who rejects Disbelief) Masthoor (Anyone who rejects Sinner) Khabr Wahid (Anyone who rejects Nothing) Mutawatirah Masthoor Aahadi Large Group Small Group Large Group Large Group Small Group Large Group Small Group Large Group Small Group

Qiyaas قياس (Logical Analysis) Haram Wine Gambling Intoxicant Oppression Defined as Haram Cocaine has the same “cause” as the wine and that is intoxication. Therefore, Cocaine is Haram. 1-Defined 2-Undefined 3-Cause 4-Ruling