Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reaction A process that turns one set of chemicals into another.

Octet Rule Chemical reactions occur because atoms are trying to get a full valence shell. Usually eight

The chemicals you start with Reactants The chemicals you start with 2H2O2 2H2O + O2

The chemicals that you end with Products The chemicals that you end with 2H2O2 2H2O + O2

Law of Conservation of Matter Since matter cannot be created nor destroyed, atoms are just rearranged.

Catalysts and Enzymes

Any substance that can speed up a chemical reaction Catalysts Any substance that can speed up a chemical reaction Only changes the speed of the reaction, not the reactants or products!

How do catalysts work? Catalysts lower the “activation energy” of the reaction.

Activation Energy The amount of energy needed to activate, or start, a reaction

Enzymes Special proteins that act as catalysts for living organisms.

Substrate The chemical that the catalyst or enzyme bonds to

Lock and Key Model Enzymes and their substrate must fit together perfectly – like a lock and key. So, each type of enzyme only works to speed up only specific reactions.

Denatured Enzymes An enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer do its job.

What can cause an enzyme to be denatured? Changes in temperature Changes in pH

Water

The Importance of Water Needed by ALL living things Universal solvent most chemicals dissolve in it It is a polar molecule

Polar Some parts of the molecule are more positively charged and others are negatively charged. This is caused by uneven sharing of electrons.

And This Concludes The Last Notes Of The Semester Get Your Happy Dance On!