Chapter 6: States of Matter Chemistry The Four States of Matter Matter can be defined as anything that takes up space, has mass, and has inertia. Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions. This is an introduction to the most basic categories of matter. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
The Four States of Matter Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma The most basic classification scheme of matter is based on the states of solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Of these the least discussed in most texts is plasma even though it is the most abundant of all states. 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Chumbler - Properties of Matter States of Matter Solids Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Solids Particle Movement Examples States of Matter Solids Particle Movement Examples Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Chumbler - Properties of Matter States of Matter Liquids Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Liquids Particle Movement Examples States of Matter Liquids Particle Movement Examples Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Chumbler - Properties of Matter States of Matter Gases Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Will everything just be a gas? But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?
Chumbler - Properties of Matter States of Matter Plasma A plasma is an ionized gas. A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. In a plasma the electrons have been stripped away from the central nucleus. Therefore, a plasma consists of a sea of ions and electrons and is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Electrons are separated from their respective nucleus when enough heat is applied. In a controlled thermonuclear fusion research, plasmas are heated to over 100 million degrees. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames
2. Lightning
3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state
STATES OF MATTER
Chumbler - Properties of Matter Changes of States Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Chumbler - Properties of Matter Temperature The measure of how hot or cold something is. Measured in Kelvin (K) or Celsius (C) Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Measuring Temperatures Thermal Expansion: a substance increases in size due to increase in temperature Absolute ZERO: The lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale which is 0 K. (About -459 F) Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Description of Phase Change PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
Description of Phase Change PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gas Sublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.
Melting: Solid to a Liquid Freezing: Liquid to a Solid Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Vaporization, Evaporation, Boiling: Liquid to a Gas Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Condensation: Gas back to a Liquid Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Sublimation: Solid straight to Gas Chumbler - Properties of Matter