What is Research ?

Definition of Research “Research is systematic, critical and self-critical enquiry which aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and wisdom.” Bassey (1999 p. 38)

Research involves… Different way of asking questions Builds upon and relates to other research undertaken Is concerned with some form of collection and processing of first hand data Is concerned with some form of presentation of data in a meaningful way Is valid and reliable

What do you think educational research is ? Where might it happen ? Who might want to do it ? Who or what might be its subjects ? What issues might it cover? Who might be interested in the results ? Who funds it ?

Discovery through Educational Research “Educational Research is critical enquiry aimed at informing educational judgements and decisions in order to improve educational action.” Bassey (1999 p. 39)

Educational Research Educational research is concerned with: Improving educational action by practitioners Inform educational policy Evaluate what is happening Judgements are made e.g. Is the organisation of educational provision for children with special needs working effectively in a particular local authority area?

ETHICS “Ethics are usually taken as referring to general principles of what one ought to do.” Robson (2002 p.66) What if you are researching a sensitive topic or vulnerable group? What if you have already made your mind up about your research issue?

Validity “Validity has to do with whether your methods, approaches and techniques actually relate to or measure, the issues you have been exploring.” Blaxter et al (2001 p.221) How do you know that what you have found out is valid – you could have been asking the wrong questions or the wrong people?

Ethical issues to think about The right of the individual not to take part. Is their consent fully ‘informed’ Confidentiality How do you ensure you are not exposing participants to physical or mental stress Invading privacy Vulnerable groups – children, disabled people – do they fully appreciate what is involved ? Awareness of different cultural, religious, gender differences