States of Matter and the Kinetic Theory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bGYV6ypP5o

Kinetic Theory of Matter (1st Point) Point 1: All matter is made of atoms or molecules that act like tiny particles Gas molecules

…and these particles Are always in motion More energy = higher temperatures = higher molecule movement Low energy = low temperatures = slow molecule movement

All molecules move except at… Absolute zero ( Zero Kelvin ) Astrophysicist Niel Degrasse Tyson

Before that ‘triangle’ of gas, solid, and liquid in your notes… Temperature- Measurement of kinetic energy (molecule movement) in an object Fluids- substance with no fixed shape and able to flow (GASES AND LIQUIDS) Energy- The ability to change or move matter

Temperature Why does the red liquid expand when it gets hotter? Kinetic energy excites the molecules, they move faster and spread!

Energy…

Solids, liquids, and gases

States of Matter Definite Volume? Definite Shape? Temp. increase Kinetic Energy Small Expans. Solid YES YES Low Small Expans. Liquid NO Medium YES Large Expans. Gas NO NO High

States of Matter Moderate Kinetic Energy - molecules move around more than in solids Low Kinetic Energy - molecules barely move High Kinetic Energy – molecules in rapid, constant motion

Phase Changes All phase changes require a change of ENERGY

What is going on here? On a hot day, you might notice this… It is NOT from the water inside! The water molecules OUTSIDE, AROUND US, hit the colder, water bottle They slow down, and turn from a gas to a liquid! (High energy to medium energy!)

Why do we use ice cubes? The hot water (fast molecules) collide with the cold cube (slow molecules) to melt the ice cube. The energy goes from the HOT water into making the COLD ice cube melt. (Solid to liquid) This reduces the overall energy of the HOT water, making it colder and drinkable.

Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted to a different type of energy Indian burns! Ice cube melting! Fan moving because of electricity!

Law of Conservation of Mass Mass cannot be created nor destroyed. But what if a log of wood is burnt? There is nothing left?

Answer… The mass of the ashes and all the gases of the burnt log is equal to the log!