Telescopes.

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Presentation transcript:

Telescopes

Objectives To know the general types of telescopes and the advantages and disadvantages of each one. To know the primary parts and functions of each part of a telescope. To know the importance of the diameter of the objective and to know how the magnification of a telescope is related to the focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece. To know the advantages and disadvantages of earth and space-based telescopes.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

History invented by Dutch lens maker in 1608 Galileo: small 30X scope Observed the moon and “began” the modern age of Astronomy where measurement was more important than philosophy

Galileo noticed moons orbiting Jupiter phases of Venus craters on the moon sunspots This was strong evidence that Copernicus was right although Galileo wasn’t willing to die for it.

How a telescope works gathers light through the objective (mirror or lens) bigger is better because it gathers more light ability to see faint objects focuses light viewed through an eyepiece (changing the eyepiece changes the magnification)

General types of telescopes Refracting (objective is a lens) Reflecting (objective is a mirror) Newtonian Cassegrain

Refractors (glass lens)

Advantages and Disadvantages Easy to use and reliable Excellent for lunar, planetary. More expensive Heavier, longer and bulkier than equivalent Newtonians and Cassegrain. Color aberration (fuzzy rainbows) due to colors of light bending different amounts.

Reflectors (mirror)

Advantages and disadvantages Lowest cost Reasonably compact and portable. Excellent for faint deep sky objects such as remote galaxies, nebulae and star clusters. Reasonably good for lunar and planetary work. Low in optical aberrations. More fragile Large (over 8") are bulky, heavy and tend to be expensive.

Cassegrain reflector

Schmidtt-Cassegrain

Problems with earth-based telescopes Earth’s atmosphere reflects certain wavelengths x-rays, gamma rays and most UV light is not transmitted by our atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere blurs images the bending of light by the atmosphere depends on the temperature of the “air” “twinkling” (shimmering) effect “Light pollution” Solution? Put the telescope in space.

Disadvantages of space-based telescopes Expensive to launch and maintain Difficult to repair Low lifetime

Examples of space-based telescopes Hubble Space Telescope 3 times better resolution can see fainter objects Chandra X-ray Observatory Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory