The political economy of climate- compatible development The political economy of climate-compatible development in Ghana, Kenya and Mozambique Andrew Newsham & Jon Phillips

Background Rationale: Climate-compatible development (CCD) does not happen in a political vacuum Capacity building & technical assistance important, but politics matter Research: Examine the implications of the political economy context for efforts towards climate compatible development in 3 African countries (barriers and opportunities) Contribute to efforts to strategise around achieving CCD Access to low carbon energy in Kenya Fisheries and climate change in Ghana Carbon & agroforestry in Mozambique

Narratives & evidence Politics and interests Actors and institutions Adaptation policy characteristics Stability Robustness Adaptability Targeting Equity Transparency Reflection Research policy influence -expanding policy capacities -broadening policy horizons -affecting policy regimes -developing new policy regimes Analytical lenses Policy spaces Approaches to the politics of policy processes Guiding questions: 1.What are the key discourses? 2.Who are the key actors and institutions? 3.What politics and interests attach to narratives, actors & institutions? 1. Conceptual framework

Stage of analysisQuestionsMethodsWho to engage and how ContextWhat is the policy problem/resource issue? Who/what are the key actors/institutions/processes? Actor and institution mapping Document analysis Identify key policy documents/processes/ decision-making arenas Involve actors in their ownperception mapping of networks of power & influence Use this analysis to identify key change agents for research engagement & uptake CompetitionHow are they linked? (spaces, brokers & intermediaries) What is their influence and power? (How much/what type? Material, institutional, discursive/structural/visible- invisible etc) Mapping Networks Following processes Tracing informal networks of power & formal/institutional expressions of power Interviews Participatory actor mapping Identify key policy moments (case studies) from above network analysis Consequences What are the implications for CCD? (trade-offs, who wins/loses, scenarios for change) Scenarios- expanding policy spaces for triple- win Trade-off analysis at workshops with potential change agents Try and link to key policy debates/windows for change 1. Conceptual framework (cont): concepts, questions & methods

The political economy of access to low carbon electricity in Kenya Context Low carbon energy as cheap energy Solar energy as both exemplar and exception Competition Consensus silences Actors compete over construction of pro-poor solutions State-market relations construct distributions of risk and reward Consequences Successful clean energy interventions serve existing priorities and exploit existing power relations Potential for energy inequalities to be reproduced

Opportunities for Change There are opportunities for change: within dominant framings of energy... …and without Both will involve trade-offs that are resolved by powerful voices Which political economy? Need for analysis and practice that aims to do more than identify barriers to policy implementation