Review #1: Foundations of America Review Packet p. 15 & 16

Geography New England Colonies: Cold winters, short growing season, forests, natural harbors  center of colonial shipping Middle Colonies: Fertile soil, less severe winters, rivers, natural harbors  industry Southern Colonies: Mild (warm) temperatures, Long growing season  agriculture & slave labor

Enlightenment Natural Rights: life, liberty, property (Locke) Separation of Powers (Montesquieu) Social Contract (Rousseau)

Mercantilism Unfair trade agreement between colonies and mother country Colonies provide raw materials and markets (colonies forced to buy from mother country)

Salutary Neglect Salutary Neglect: Beneficial ignoring Three Results: Colonies gain independence Great Britain benefits from colonies’ prosperity Colonies have self government

the French & Indian War -War between France and England -Land dispute in the Ohio River valley led to war -Colonists & British VS. French & Native American allies Proclamation of 1763: 2. British Policies: 3. Realization of Differences: Prohibited movement west of the Appalachian Mountains No wars with France = more time to pay attention to colonies Wars are expensive = taxes go up in the colonies Colonists were self-sufficient no longer saw themselves as British (they were colonists, New Yorker, etc.)

Common Sense American “destiny” is independence Independence  better society Convinced many Americans who had been undecided to support independence

Declaration of Independence Purpose: To ANNOUNCE that the colonies were a new independent nation To explain and justify the reasons why the colonies decided to become the United States of America KEY IDEAS: natural rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness) “consent of the governed” (social contract) When the government does not protect and respect the people, the people MUST change or abolish it