Thermal Management of Li-ion Battery Packs Hybrid vehicle battery packs must be small, light, and have adequate cooling After verifying that simulations were accurate, they were able to reduce design time by 70% while identifying possible dangerous hot spots COMSOL News 2012: Michele Gosso and Antonio Fiumara, Fiat, Orbassano, Italy Surface heat of a lithium-ion battery pack — the uniform heat distribution is an important parameter. A comparison of model and experimental results at one of the thermocouples on the surface of the lithium cell. The results show a maximum difference of 1 °C between the two.