Heated water-based exercise training reduces 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure levels in resistant hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial.

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Heated water-based exercise training reduces 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure levels in resistant hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial (HEx trial)  Guilherme Veiga Guimaraes, Lais Galvani de Barros Cruz, Miguel Morita Fernandes-Silva, Egidio Lima Dorea, Edimar Alcides Bocchi  International Journal of Cardiology  Volume 172, Issue 2, Pages 434-441 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.100 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Study design. International Journal of Cardiology 2014 172, 434-441DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.100) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Office blood pressure at baseline and after 12weeks: A, exercise training in heated water immersion and B, control group; *: within-group differences (p<0.05) and **: between-group differences (p<0.05). Data are presented as mean±standard error. International Journal of Cardiology 2014 172, 434-441DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.100) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Average of 24-hour period, daytime and nighttime ABPMs at baseline and after 12weeks: A, exercise training in heated water immersion and B, control group; *: within-group differences (p<0.05) and **: between-group differences (p<0.05). Data are presented as mean±standard error. International Journal of Cardiology 2014 172, 434-441DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.100) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Hourly averages of systolic and diastolic blood pressures during daytime and nighttime at baseline and after 12weeks: A, exercise training in heated water immersion and B, control group; *: within-group differences (p<0.05) and **: between-group differences (p<0.05). Data are presented as mean±standard error. International Journal of Cardiology 2014 172, 434-441DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.100) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Blood pressure load for 24-hour period, daytime and nighttime ABPMs at baseline and after 12weeks: A, exercise training in heated water immersion and B, control group; *: within-group differences (p<0.05) and **: between-group differences (p<0.05). Data are presented as mean±standard error. International Journal of Cardiology 2014 172, 434-441DOI: (10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.100) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions