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Cultural Change

Culture Regions Includes different countries that share common traits like Economic systems Forms of government Social groups History Religion

This is called cultural/spatial diffusion Cultural Change New ideas, lifestyles, and inventions  changes within in cultures (internal changes) Change also comes from external influences Trade, migration, war This is called cultural/spatial diffusion

Cultural Divergence Cultural Convergence Occurs when diff. cultural influences cause an area to divide into separate parts Eastern vs. Western Roman Empires Ancient India  India & Pakistan Cultural Convergence Occurs when diff. cultures exchange ideas and become more similar More common now with globalization

1) Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution Earliest humans were nomads= hunters and gatherers (no fixed home) Then they settled in river valleys and plains, eventually began farming & had a permanent home This shift then spread throughout the world’s regions

2) Civilizations By 3500 B.C., the farming villages then shifted into civilizations… Highly organized City-based Advanced farming, trade, government, art & science innovations But how did this way of life spread?...

Culture Hearths Early centers of civilization Ideas & practices spread out from these first as nomads passed thru Where were the most influential culture hearths?

What did those 5 places have in common? Culture Hearths What did those 5 places have in common? Fertile land from river valleys/water sources Made canals/ditches to irrigate land Allowed people to grow surplus crops…

3) Specialization Surplus food allowed fewer people to farm  develop new jobs Metalworking & shipbuilding  more trade More trade led to more cities Now need complex government Coordinate harvests, plan projects, manage army Able to create writing systems  share info

Cultural Contacts Civilizations affect each other when permanent migration occurs Why do ppl migrate? By CHOICE- for better education, jobs, more $ By RELUCTANCE- harsh govn’t, wars, persecution, famines By FORCE- slavery, exiled Practices & ideas then blend with one another

4) Industrial Revolution In 1700s, after centuries of cultural diffusion, countries began to industrialize Used power-driven machines & factories  economy boost Faster and cheaper production Less labor (cost) People moved from farms to cities (term?)

5) Information Revolution At the end of 1900s: computers brought a turning point Able to store huge amounts of info and share it all over world instantly this links the cultures even more closely & quickly