ENGLESKI JEZIK STRUKE 3 ponedeljak, 01.04.2019.

ACADEMIC VOCABULARY Additional teaching materials – exercises, pages 1– 5

Academic nouns - plural forms analysis hypothesis phenomenon thesis research index corpus appendix basis species stimulus advice progress information series technology datum

Academic nouns - plural forms (key) Analysis - analyses Hypothesis - hypotheses phenomenon -phenomena Thesis - theses Research - / Index - indices Corpus - corpora Appendix - appendices Basis - bases species -species Stimulus - stimuli Advice - / Progress - / information - / Series - series technology - / datum - data

Academic verbs

Academic verbs 1. VERBS OF REFERENCE used when introducing quotations or summaries of other writers’ ideas (e.g. claims / states) 2. (AVOIDING) PHRASAL VERBS e.g. carry out, bring about 3. (AVOIDING) FILLER VERBS verbs to replace V+N phrases

CONSIDERS HYPOTHESIZES Verbs of reference The author SAYS or SHOWS A REACTION or… The author also.. The author + verb+ someone/thing + for + noun / gerund The author + verb+ somebody/thing + as + noun/gerund ARGUES CLAIMS CONSIDERS HYPOTHESIZES SUGGESTS BELIEVE THINKS STATES ACCEPTS ADMITS AGREES DENIES DOUBTS ASSUMES CONCLUDES DISCOVERS EXPLAINS IMPLIES INDICATES MAINTAINS PRESUMES REVEALS SHOWS BLAMES CENSURES COMMENDS CONDEMNS CRITICISES ASSESSES CHARACTERIZES CLASSIFIES DEFINES DESCRIBES EVALUATES IDENTIFIES INTERPRETS PORTRAYS PRESENTS

Write a sentence referring to what the following writers said (more than one verb may be suitable). Use the past tense. A: ‘I may have made a mistake in my forecast for unemployment’. B: ‘I did not say that women make better managers than men’. C: ‘Small firms are more dynamic than large ones’. D: ‘I’m not sure, but most people probably work to earn money’. E: ‘I think it unlikely that electric cars will replace conventional ones’. F: ‘There may be a link between the business cycle and sunspot activity’.

REFERENCE VERBS (CONT’D) G: ‘She was very careless about her research methods’. H: ‘There are four main types of business start-up’. I: ‘That company has an excellent pattern of corporate governance’. J: ‘Their annual results indicate over-reliance on a shrinking market’. K: ‘Only three of the airlines are likely to make a profit this year’. L: ‘Keynes was the most influential economist of the twentieth century’.

Suggested answers The author… G. blamed / criticized X for being careless A. admitted (to having made a mistake / that he had made a mistake) H. classified X into… B. denied I. evaluated ..governance.. As being excellent C. claimed / argued J. criticized X for being too reliant… D. suggested… K. assessed .. only three airlines as being.. E. assumed / believed… L. portrayed … as being… F. believed / thought / assumed

avoiding phrasal verbs COME UP COME UP AGAINST CUT OUT FIND OUT GO TOGETHER LOOK INTO PUT OFF START OFF THINK ABOUT WORK OUT BEGIN ARISE CALCULATE COINCIDE CONSIDER DELAY INVESTIGATE EXPERIENCE DISCOVER REMOVE

Key come up - arise put off - delay come up against - experience start off - begin think about - consider cut out - remove work out - calculate find out - discover go together - coincide look into - investigate

Avoiding phrasal verbs Additional teaching materials, page 11, 12 (exercises 3.7 and 3.8)

Avoiding filler verbs We conducted a study of group III-IV compounds. This paper presents an analysis of the environmental effects… Additional materials, page 10, exercises 3.5, 3.6

Remove unnecessary words and phrases This paper review is absolutely essential. This author introduced the Sociolinguistic Theory for the first time. The two variables are mutually interdependent. In general, it is claimed that the phenomenon of globalization has had an effect on the process of glocalization.

Reading and writing critically Additional materials, page 44- 46