Warm up Think about the muckrakers and and the corruption/atrocities that were exposed. As a citizen, what issue is the most important to you? What should have priority in getting fixed?

Challenges Women Face Women often faced long hours, low pay, bad conditions Wages were often given over to the male head of the house With no suffrage, women could not change this lifestyle Carrie Chapman Catt Push for suffrage by doing the following Lobby Congress for the right to vote Use the referendum process to try and pass state suffrage laws

Women’s Fight for Suffrage 1920- 19th amendment was passed Right to vote “shall not be denied…on account of sex” Carrie Chapman Catt Push for suffrage by doing the following Lobby Congress for the right to vote Use the referendum process to try and pass state suffrage laws Women would immediately be able to vote in the 1920 Presidential election

Racism Limits Progressives Due to racism, Progressives often did not take their reforms far enough or inclusive enough Plessy v Ferguson and Jim Crow Laws were never seriously challenged by Progressives Left African Americans on their own in many cases It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal

Two African American Intellectuals Two Approaches to Equality W.E.B. DuBois Booker T. Washington

B.T. Washington’s Plan Blacks should start from the bottom and work up ACCEPT Jim Crow: work for economic opportunity Believed that racial equality would have to be earned over generations Build economic base with farming/industry Civil/political rights NOT as important as economic opportunity Born a slave Educated at Hampton University Founder of Tuskegee University

DuBois's Plan Demanded immediate equality Argued that blacks should strive to achieve jobs in management and professional fields and be politically active to safeguard their legal rights Refused to accept segregation as a social norm or wait for social equality Born in Boston, Mass. as a free black Educated at Fisk and Harvard University Initially supported B. T. Washington

African Americans Demand Reform Niagara Movement: demanded immediate equality of AAs and denounced gradual progress National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): use the court system to challenge unfair laws Denounced Booker T. Washington saying his plan would make workers, but not “men” Goal was to secure for all people the rights guaranteed in the 13th 14th and 15th amendments First president was a white lawyer Civil rights movement which sought a “mighty current” of change Called for an end to segregation and open opposition in the black community to beliefs like Booker T. Washington’s