5 Minute Check 10/16/17 What are the different phases of matter? What does the conservation of mass state? What did the lab show us about matter? Today’s Standard: MS-PS1-6 - Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes

Taking care of business Let’s take a quick tour of the classroom Friday we finished our lab, if you did not complete your lab you need to finish all the questions

Mindset Monday Robert Goddard: Goddard today is hailed for his research and experimentation with liquid-fueled rockets, but during his lifetime his ideas were often rejected and mocked by his scientific peers who thought they were outrageous and impossible. Today rockets and space travel don’t seem far- fetched at all, due largely in part to the work of this scientist who worked against the feelings of the time.

Unit 2 Physical and Chemical Properties Date Assignment title Page # 09/21/17 Physical vs. Chemical Changes 1 9/25/17 Mystery Powder Investigation (2 Pages) 2 10/3/17 Reviewing it all 3 10/5/17 Chemical Equations 4 10/11/17 Law of Conservation of Mass 5 10/12/17 Massing Chemical and Physical Reactions Lab 6 10/16/17 Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions 7

Let’s review from 6th grade science Every time we change from one phase of matter to another there is either a gain or a release of energy

Let’s review the different phases of matter

Energy Solid Energy

Energy Liquid Solid Energy

Energy Gas Liquid Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Gas Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Gas Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Gas Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Gas Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Gas Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Gas Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Condensation Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Condensation Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Condensation Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Freezing Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Condensation Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Freezing Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Condensation Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Sublimation Melting Freezing Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Dry Ice Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Dry Ice Condensation Solid to Gas Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Sublimation Melting Freezing Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Deionization Gas Condensation Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Sublimation Melting Freezing Solid Energy

ADD ENERGY Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Freezing Energy Ionization Deionization Gas Condensation ADD ENERGY Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Sublimation Melting Freezing Solid Energy

Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Plasma Ionization Gas Condensation Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Sublimation Melting Solid Energy

TAKE ENERGY AWAY Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Energy Ionization Condensation Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Sublimation Melting Solid Energy

ENERGY ADDED

Solid

Melting Solid

Melting Solid

Liquid Melting Solid

Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid

Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid

Evaporation / Vaporization Liquid Melting Solid

Evaporation / Vaporization Gas Liquid Melting Solid

Law of conservation Law of conservation of mass states that: Matter is never created or destroyed Law of conservation of energy states that: Energy may be converted from one form to another. The total amount of energy in the universe is constant.

Thermal Energy Thermal energy is often referred to as heat. The thermal energy of matter depends on how fast the atoms or molecules are moving. The faster they are moving, the more thermal energy they possess. Therefore, the temperature of the matter would be higher. Thermal energy is a form of kinetic energy. Examples of Thermal Energy: 1. A 12 ounce glass of water at 70 degrees has more thermal energy than a 12 ounce glass of water at 60 degrees. 2. Adding ice to a glass of water causes the temperature of the water to decrease because the thermal energy in the water causes the ice to melt. 3. A grill gives off thermal energy by burning propane. 4. The sun's thermal energy heats our atmosphere. 5. Thermal energy from a hot stove is transferred to a metal pot and causes the water molecules to move faster increasing the temperature of the water.

So what happens to the energy?

Exothermic heat energy EXITS the system Examples: Combustion, water freezing Surroundings usually feel warmer Thermal energy is released

2Na(s) + Cl2(g)  2NaCl(s) + energy Salt An example of an exothermic reaction is the mixture of sodium metal and chlorine gas which yields table salt. 2Na(s) + Cl2(g)  2NaCl(s) + energy

Example of an Exothermic Reaction Lighting a match What is the temperature before the match is lit? What is the temperature after the match is lit? **Terrin Lecodr

Example of an Exothermic Reaction Lighting a match in water jug We are going to swirl a little rubbing alcohol inside the walls of the jug. Then, allow it to change from a liquid to a gas for a few seconds. Next, I am going to drop a lit match inside the jug. Notice the temperature difference as evidence of the exothermic chemical reaction

Example of an Exothermic Reaction Steel wool and vinegar Soak steel wool in vinegar for 1 min and then wring out and put in separate beaker, cover and watch temperature change What is the temperature when we first put the soaked wool in the beaker? What do you observe in the beaker after a few minutes of it being covered? What is the temperature after 5 minutes?

Example of an Exothermic Reaction Laundry detergent and water Place a small amount of powdered laundry detergent in your hand, pour water on the top of it, feel the reaction What is the temperature of the water before the powdered laundry detergent? What is the temperature of the water after the powdered laundry detergent is added?

Example of an Exothermic Reaction Mix calcium chloride with tap water Cover the bottom of a beaker with calcium chloride, pour about an inch worth of water in the beaker What is the temperature of the water before calcium chloride is added? What is the temperature of the mixture after the calcium chloride is added?

Closing What is an example of an exothermic reaction?

5 Minute Check 10/17/17 What is an exothermic reaction, give one example. What happens to matter after a chemical reaction? Today’s Standard: MS-PS1-6 - Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.

Endothermic heat energy ENTERS the system Examples: Cold packs, melting ice surroundings usually feel cooler Thermal energy is absorbed

How do cold packs work? The outer pouch contains water. The inner pouch contains ammonium-nitrate. When you “pop” the inner pouch, the chemical reaction absorbs heat energy from the surroundings. This is an endothermic reaction. The temperature of the solution falls to about 35°F for 10 to 15 minutes.

sunlight + 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)  C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) Photosynthesis During photosynthesis, plants absorb the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. sunlight + 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)  C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)

Example of an Endothermic Reaction A glass of water and ice Mix a glass of tap water with ice. What is the temperature of the water before the ice? What is the temperature of the water a few minutes after the ice has been added?

Example of an Endothermic Reaction A glass of water and ice and Rock salt Mix a glass of tap water with ice and a spoonful of Rock salt What is the temperature of the water before the rock salt is added? What is the temperature of the water a few minutes after the rock salt has been added?

Example of an Endothermic Reaction Barium Hydroxide and Ammonium Nitrate Mix about 1 tablespoon of each together, MAKE SURE TO COVER THE BEAKER, and monitor the temperature. Put some water on a piece of wood and place beaker on water on wood. What is the temperature when they are first mixed together? What happens to the two solids as they are mixed together? What is the temperature after a few minutes? What happened to it sitting on the piece of wood? What does it smell like?

Endothermic reactions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvyHVA1 Ww_M&list=PLfM5sFro0hRx1k65FDL_bWD6m mK4Lblxk

Closing  What is the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction?

5 Minute Check 10/18/17 What is the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction? Give an example of each What is the law of conservation of energy? Today’s Standard: MS-PS1-6 - Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.

Unit 2 Physical and Chemical Properties Date Assignment title Page # 09/21/17 Physical vs. Chemical Changes 1 9/25/17 Mystery Powder Investigation (2 Pages) 2 10/3/17 Reviewing it all 3 10/5/17 Chemical Equations 4 10/11/17 Law of Conservation of Mass 5 10/12/17 Massing Chemical and Physical Reactions Lab 6 10/16/17 Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions 7 10/18/17 Ice Cream Maker (5 pages) 8

Ice Cream Maker Lab Predict: Which chemical when mixed with ice will lower the temperature of the solution the most? (circle your prediction) Ice + Salt, Ice + Calcium Chloride, Ice + Baking Soda or Ice + Water Why did you predict the mixture you selected would lower the temperature?

Ice Cream Maker Lab Observe: Place 5 ice cubes in 5 Ziploc bags. Place a thermometer in each bag of ice. Record the starting temperature of just the ice in the bag for each bag. Place a tablespoon each of the above additions (1- nothing, 2- salt, 3-Calcium Chloride, 4-Baking Soda, 5- Water) into each bag. Thoroughly mix each of the bags. Wait two minutes, and record the final temperature inside each bag.

Ice Cream Maker Lab Explain: What was the control in this experiment?   Why is a control necessary? What evidence led you to the type of reaction occurring (or not occurring) within each bag? How could energy be tracked as it moves in or out of the system (the bags) in these examples?

Closing What lab yielded the coldest temperatures?

5 Minute Check 10/19/17 What was the control in your experiment? A control is the things you keep constant in an experiment, you never change it from trial to trial. What is the difference is between a closed system and an open system? After completing your lab what bag contents yielded a endothermic reaction and what yielded a exothermic reaction? Today’s Standard: MS-PS1-6 - Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.

Taking Care of Business Today is the last day to turn in any late work into my basket

Ice Cream Maker Lab Today we are going to go over the Ice Cream Maker Lab first sheet The first question from our lab asked us what the control was in our experiment. We are going to take a few notes on what the controls are in an experiment. Take out your Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions worksheets

Independent Variables The one thing that is changed in an experiment This variable makes one test “independent” of another test On a graph it is on the x-axis (along the bottom)

Dependent Variable The result of the experiment The effect caused by the independent variable. The data – “What is measured” This “depends” on what you changed On a graph, it is on the y-axis(along the vertical side)

Controlled Variables Things that are kept constant (the same) by scientists These allow for a fair test.

All experiments should have a control group. Controlled Group In a scientific experiment, the control is the group that serves as the standard of comparison. The control group may be a “no treatment" or an “experimenter selected” group. The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the variable being tested. All experiments should have a control group.

Review Independent Variable What Gets Changed “WHAT I DO” The results “DATA” Control Variable What stays the same Control Group Does NOT get changes

Ice Cream Maker Lab Explain: What was the control in this experiment?   Why is a control necessary? What evidence led you to the type of reaction occurring (or not occurring) within each bag? How could energy be tracked as it moves in or out of the system (the bags) in these examples?

Closing Why is a control important in an experiment?

5 Minute Check 10/20/17 What is a control in an experiment? What is the independent variable in an experiment? What is the dependent variable in an experiment? What group is the control group, and why do we have one? Today’s Standard: MS-PS1-6 - Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.

Words to Know New words to our word wall: Exothermic Reaction Endothermic Reaction

Let’s review This week we have discussed the differences between exothermic and endothermic reactions. Exothermic reaction: heat energy EXITS the system Examples: Combustion, water freezing Surroundings usually feel warmer Endothermic reaction: heat energy ENTERS the system Examples: Cold packs, melting ice surroundings usually feel cooler

Let’s review Take out your Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions notes and turn to the back

Answer the following 10 questions using: A for Exothermic Reaction And B for Endothermic Reaction

1. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction making ice cubes

2. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Baking Bread

3. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Ice Cube Melting

4. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction A Candle’s Flame

5. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction An Egg Frying

6. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Wood burning in a camp fire

7. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Water evaporating from a puddle

8. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction A Cold Pack

9. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Instant Hot Pack

10. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Photosynthesis: Plants absorb energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

Bonus Question: Who is this AND is he Exothermic or Endothermic?

1. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction making ice cubes

1. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction making ice cubes Exothermic Reaction

2. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Baking Bread

2. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Baking Bread Endothermic Reaction

3. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Ice Cube Melting

3. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Ice Cube Melting Endothermic Reaction

4. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction A Candle’s Flame

4. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction A Candle’s Flame Exothermic Reaction

5. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction An Egg Frying

5. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction An Egg Frying Endothermic Reaction

6. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Wood burning in a camp fire

6. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Wood burning in a camp fire Exothermic Reaction

7. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Water evaporating from a puddle

7. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Water evaporating from a puddle Endothermic Reaction

8. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction A Cold Pack

8. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction A Cold Pack Endothermic Reaction

9. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Instant Hot Pack

9. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Instant Hot Pack Exothermic Reaction

10. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Photosynthesis: Plants absorb energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

10. A. Exothermic Reaction B. Endothermic Reaction Photosynthesis: Plants absorb energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen Endothermic Reaction

Bonus Question: Who is this AND is he Exothermic or Endothermic?

Bonus Question: Human Torch Who is this AND is he Exothermic or Endothermic? Human Torch

Ice Cream Maker Lab We are going to watch a video that focuses on two different ways to make ice cream for the first time, we will watch it again tomorrow, today I just want you to watch the different methods. Make a mental note of the similarities and differences. Engineering in Elementary video http://www.eie.org/engineering-everywhere/curriculum-units/food-thought

Closing What is an another example of a endothermic and an exothermic reaction?