How did the Cold War change the nation at home?

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Presentation transcript:

How did the Cold War change the nation at home? Section 3 Essential Question: How did the Cold War change the nation at home? What lead to a hunt for spies, intolerance, and suspicion of people with radical ideas in the U.S.?

The New Red Scare Igor Gouzenko Subversion a clerk in the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, Canada defected Had documents proving the Soviets were attempting to infiltrate the Canadian & U.S. governments & other agencies Subversion

Loyalty Review Program Investigation into loyalty of gov’t workers Truman believes that nothing will be found and intends to calm Americans 212 employees were fired for having “questionable loyalty” The public sees this as confirmation of their fears

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Formed in 1938 Investigate communists, and subversive activities within the United States Use wiretaps; question groups suspected of being communists Focused on Hollywood Believed that directors and actors were spreading communist ideas through film

Hollywood Ten During hearings ten screen writers evoked their 5th Amendment rights and refused to testify Led producers to blacklist people if believed to be communist

Arthur Miller Was placed on the Blacklist The Crucible 1953 Criticism against the Red Scare trials interpreting them as witch hunts.

Alger Hiss Accused of being a communist and passing secret documents President Truman as well as many Americans believed Hiss’ claims of innocence Hiss was eventually convicted of perjury and spent 4 years in prison Many see him as a product of the Witch Hunts Alger Hiss 1948 testifying at HUAC hearing

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg Found guilty of selling nuclear secrets to the Soviets condemned to death for espionage Project Venona Cracked the Soviets code Proved the Rosenberg's were guilty

Red Scare Spreads Taft-Hartley Act - requires union leaders to take an oath that they are not communists Senator Joseph McCarthy claims he has a list of 205 State Department workers known to be communists McCarthism McCarran Act Made it illegal to “combine, conspire, or agree with any other person to perform any act which would substantially contribute to the establishment of a totalitarian government. (Allowed for the arrest of Communists) Sympathizing with communism – you could be arrested and detained Does this fall under American Ideals?

McCarthy’s Downfall McCarthy’s downfall: -He began to look for communists in the U.S. Army -Americans watched McCarthy bully officers and harass them - Eventually McCarthy was Censured