Ch. 10 Section 1 Democratic Reform and Activism Wednesday March 1st 2017

Britain Enacts Reforms Britain is now a constitutional monarch (starting from 1600’s) Consists of house of commons and house of lords Appointments and inherences caused problems. Will be abolished. In early 1800’s only 5% could elect members of HOC.

Reform Bill of 1832- First group to demand suffrage was wealthy middle class. Revolution in France in 1830 served as a catalyst for this reform bill. Why? Eased property requirements to vote giving more voice to the middle class.

The Reform Bill of 1832 did increase right to vote but only a few were actually able to participate. ( 2%) Average citizen in outrage because they still could not vote and this will create a movement called “The Chartist Movement” Named this because in 1838 the members of this activist group will present its petition to Parliament. This petition will be called “The People’s Charter of 1838”

Called for suffrage of all men and annual Parliamentary elections. Demand a secret ballot & end to property requirements to be in parliament & demanded members be given a paid salary. Parliament will reject these demands. For years groups like the chartist movement will protest until reforms are made

Parliament will eventually give the right to vote to working class men in 1867 and to male rural workers in 1884. After 1884 most men in Britain could vote then by 1900’s all the demands the chartists had except annual elections, became law.

Queen Victoria will preside over all this change Came to the throne at 18 years old Reigned for 64 years Was popular with her subjects The change of power will shift from the monarchy to a democracy with Parliament holding the majority of the power.

Women Get the Vote During 1800’s women in the Great Britain and U.S. worked to achieve suffrage. Many will resist and argue that it was too radical of an idea to break tradition. WPSU ( Women’s Social and Political Union) will result to militant protests

France and Democracy In aftermath of Franco-Prussian war, France went through a series of crises. Between 1871-1914 the government will change almost yearly. A 3rd republic will be set in place in 1875 and it will last 60 years

During 1880’s-90’s the 3rd republic was threatened by monarchists, clergy, army leaders, and aristocracy The Dreyfus Affair will arise out of these battles for political power. In 1894 Captain Dreyfus a Jewish officer in French army, was accused of selling secrets to Germany. Court found him guilty based on false evidence.

Sentenced to life in prison Few years later new evidence showed he was set up by fellow officers. Many anti Jewish leaders refused to let the case be reopened.

Fear that this would create doubt about honor of French military. Emile Zola will publish a letter in his defense and he will be sent to a year in prison for his views. The French government will eventually Dryefus’s innocence.

This case will show the strength of anti Semitism in France and other parts of western Europe Russian officials will allow pogroms (organized campaigns of open violence against Jews) This will urge Jews to reestablish their homeland and in 1890 a movement known as Zionism will develop to achieve this goal. Due to this the state of Israel will be established