EVALUATION OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE – COMMUNITY-WIDE EVALUATION- Megumi Kuwana Civil Sophia

HUMANITARIAN AID IN CONFLICT AFFECTED AREAS SITUATION: HUMANITARIAN AID IN CONFLICT AFFECTED AREAS Increase of International Humanitarian aid towards conflict affected Areas （Increase of internal or regional conflicts after cold war） Countries coming out of war face a 44 percent chance of relapsing within five years（World Bank 2003) Humanitarian Aid promoting Sustainable Social Reconstruction Is important Evaluation as effective Humanitarian aid???

PROBLEMS Feature of Humanitarian aid Conventional Evaluation Fluidity and complexity of the situation 　Disintegration of the social system Unavailability of base-line data and Difficulty of data collection Multiplicity of Actors Less Involving local stakeholders Side Effects on the recipient population Project Cycle Evaluation for measuring the achievements in areas of pre-defined plan Cause –effect analysis Implementer or donor oriented Upward Accountability Overall content and longer –term of content Involving beneficiaries Analyzing multi-actor activities

ALTERNATIVE IMAGES OF EVALUATION Community-wide approach Frerks and Hilhorst(2002: 10)

THE CASE OF TIMOR LESTE: BACKGROUND 16c～1999：　under control of foreigners regime (Portal, Japan, Indonesia) 　1999.9 　Massive disturbance after referendum, 600,000 become refugees, IDPs 　1999.10～2002.5 　under UN transitional administration 　⇒　first large humanitarian aid operation 　2002.5 Independence　 　2006.4 Disorder 150,000 become IDPs 　⇒　second large humanitarian aid operation

Evaluation of Humanitarian assistance after 3 – 5 years Evaluation Target: Impact of humanitarian aid on the overall sustainable peace and community recovery process at community level. Timing : 2004.8～2006.2 （3-5 years after humanitarian aid） Method: Semi-Structure Key informant Interview Liquica District 4 villages Questionnaire to community inhabitants Focus Group Discussion Participatory Process

Evaluation Criteria Criteria proposed by community members 　Social economy 　 ① Peaceful Situation　 　 ② Economic Situation 　Bonding Social Capital 　　① Cooperation among villagers 　　② Trust　among neighbors 　　③ Village leadership 　Bridging Social Capital　 　　① Relationship with government 　　② Relationship with aid agencies ③ Relationship with neighbor villages 　Civil Society　 　　 CSO Activities

Humanitarian aid Impact on Community 　Building Peaceful Community 　Improve economic situation for beneficiaries during the project period 　Activating Village Cooperation among the project groups 　Improving relationship with the government agencies 　Activating CSOs which involves the aid projects Disordered Community Leadership Weakening Community Cooperation Effect of aid projects are during project period only Bad effects on community building Evaluation of Humanitarian aid needs overall and long-term viewpoint. Community-wide evaluation is one of the way