MATTER STATES OF

The Four States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement Based upon energy of particles Based upon distance between particles

Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

Two Types of Solids Crystalline Amorphous

Crystalline Solids The molecules of crystalline solids are arranged in repeating symmetrical patterns. Metals Minerals such as diamonds Salts Ice

Amorphous solids Amorphous solids have molecules arranged in no particular order. Examples: Rubber Wax plastic

STATES OF MATTER LIQUID Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

Two properties of liquids Surface tension It’s why water forms round drops Viscosity Its why some liquids flow faster than others

Surface tension An attractive force exists between molecules of liquids. This force causes the liquid to form a curved surface or a round drop. This force varies among different liquids. The greater the surface tension, the greater the curve, or the rounder the drop.

Viscosity The force of attraction between liquid molecules causes the liquid to resist flowing. High viscosity liquids flow slowly examples: lava, honey Low viscosity liquids flow faster examples: water, vinegar

STATES OF MATTER GAS Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat

States of Matter of matter in this picture? Can you identify the three states of matter in this picture?

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?

STATES OF MATTER PLASMA A plasma is an ionized gas. A plasma is a conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is the most common state of matter

Where plasmas are found… 1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

An example of a star in its plasma state The Sun … An example of a star in its plasma state

Plasma

PHASE CHANGES Heat goes into the solid as Solid to liquid it melts. Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. (Endothermic) Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes. (Exothermic)

PHASE CHANGES Liquid to gas Gas to liquid Solid to gas (Endothermic) Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. (Endothermic) Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. (Exothermic) Solid to gas Sublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

Phase Changes Exothermic solid liquid gas Endothermic sublimation vaporizing melting solid liquid gas condensing freezing Endothermic

The Change of States

The Change of States Exothermic Endothermic Freezing Time / Energy Melting Freezing Name _________________________ Date/Period __________________ The Change of States GAS or STEAM CONDENSATION LIQUID FREEZING SOLID Temperature Time / Energy MELTING EVAPORATION 0° 0° 100° Exothermic Melting Point Boiling Point Endothermic

STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

So…What is an “Ionized Gas”?? An ionized atom is usually one that has lost one or more electrons! Plasma has ions and free electrons in fairly equal numbers, so generally has a neutral charge. BACK